JIA-2020-2649在水稻高产水平下通过改变淀粉结构与理化性质进而改善稻米品质的氮肥运筹管理

doi:10.1016/S2095-3119(21)63678-X

Journal of Integrative Agriculture ›› 2022, Vol. 21 ›› Issue (6): 1576-1592.DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(21)63678-X

所属专题：水稻耕作栽培合辑Rice Physiology · Biochemistry · Cultivation · Tillage

JIA-2020-2649在水稻高产水平下通过改变淀粉结构与理化性质进而改善稻米品质的氮肥运筹管理

收稿日期:2020-12-29 接受日期:2021-03-18 出版日期:2022-06-01 发布日期:2021-03-18

Optimization of nitrogen fertilization improves rice quality by affecting the structure and physicochemical properties of starch at high yield levels

ZHOU Tian-yang^{1, 2}, LI Zhi-kang^{1, 2}, LI En-peng^{1, 2}, WANG Wei-lu³, YUAN Li-min^{1, 2}, ZHANG Hao^{1, 2}, LIU Li-jun^{1, 2}, WANG Zhi-qin^{1, 2}, GU Jun-fei^{1, 2, 3}, YANG Jian-chang^{1, 2}

¹ Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, P.R.China
² Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, P.R.China
³ Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, P.R.China

Received:2020-12-29 Accepted:2021-03-18 Online:2022-06-01 Published:2021-03-18
About author:ZHOU Tian-yang, E-mail: 526565164@qq.com; Correspondence GU Jun-fei, Tel/Fax: +86-514-87979317, E-mail: gujf@yzu.edu.cn; YANG Jian-chang, Tel/Fax: +86-514-87979317, E-mail: jcyang@yzu.edu.cn
Supported by:
This study was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32071943 and 31872853) and the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, China (PAPD).

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

本研究通过两年大田试验，以两个高产超级稻品种为试验材料，设置了不施用氮肥、高氮肥投入的当地农民习惯栽培方式、优化氮肥管理措施1和优化氮肥管理措施2共计四种氮肥管理方式。试验结果表明通过控制氮肥投入总量、增加种植密度和优化氮肥追施比例等措施，实现高产优质和氮肥利用率的提高。与当地农民习惯相比，优化氮肥管理分别提高了产量和氮肥偏生产力1.70%和13.06%，提高了籽粒淀粉和直链淀粉含量，显著降低了蛋白质含量。在优化氮肥管理下，支链淀粉短支链A链(DP6-12)和B1链(DP13-25)含量显著增加，淀粉结晶度显著下降，同时淀粉的粘度值增加，淀粉的热力学特性变优，从而提高了稻米的蒸煮与食味品质。以上研究结果表明优化氮肥管理可以缓解高产水平条件下因大量氮肥投入而引起的稻米品质变劣，实现高产优质和氮肥利用率的协同提高的目标，对水稻的高产优质生产具有实践和指导意义。

Abstract: A major challenge in modern rice production is to achieve the dual goals of high yield and good quality with low environmental costs. This study was designed to determine whether optimized nitrogen (N) fertilization could fulfill these multiple goals. In two-year experiments, two high yielding ‘super’ rice cultivars were grown with different N fertilization management regimes, including zero N input, local farmers’ practice (LFP) with heavy N inputs, and optimized N fertilization (ONF). In ONF, by reducing N input, increasing planting density, and optimizing the ratio of urea application at different stages, N use efficiency and the physicochemical and textural properties of milled rice were improved at higher yield levels. Compared with LFP, yield and partial factor productivity of applied N (PFP) under ONF were increased (on average) by 1.70 and 13.06%, respectively. ONF increased starch and amylose content, and significantly decreased protein content. The contents of the short chains of A chain (degree of polymerization (DP) 6–12) and B1 chain (DP 13–25) of amylopectin were significantly increased under ONF, which resulted in a decrease in the stability of rice starch crystals. ONF increased viscosity values and improved the thermodynamic properties of starch, which resulted in better eating and cooking quality of the rice. Thus, ONF could substantially compensate the negative effects caused by N fertilizer and achieve the multiple goals of higher grain quality and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) at high yield levels. These results will be useful for applications of high quality rice production at high yield levels.

Key words: nitrogen fertilization , rice starch , starch structure , physicochemical properties , chain length distribution

. JIA-2020-2649在水稻高产水平下通过改变淀粉结构与理化性质进而改善稻米品质的氮肥运筹管理[J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2022, 21(6): 1576-1592.

ZHOU Tian-yang, LI Zhi-kang, LI En-peng, WANG Wei-lu, YUAN Li-min, ZHANG Hao, LIU Li-jun, WANG Zhi-qin, GU Jun-fei, YANG Jian-chang. Optimization of nitrogen fertilization improves rice quality by affecting the structure and physicochemical properties of starch at high yield levels[J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2022, 21(6): 1576-1592.

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JIA-2020-2649在水稻高产水平下通过改变淀粉结构与理化性质进而改善稻米品质的氮肥运筹管理

Optimization of nitrogen fertilization improves rice quality by affecting the structure and physicochemical properties of starch at high yield levels

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