Journal of Integrative Agriculture ›› 2022, Vol. 21 ›› Issue (10): 2900-2909.DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2022.07.056

所属专题： 水稻耕作栽培合辑Rice Physiology · Biochemistry · Cultivation · Tillage

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JIA-2021-0612 不同物候期不同温度组合对长江流域稻米产量和品质形成的影响

  

  • 收稿日期:2021-04-08 接受日期:2021-07-28 出版日期:2022-10-01 发布日期:2021-07-28

Effect of various combinations of temperature during different phenolgical stages on indica rice yield and quality in Yangtze River Basin in China

TU De-bao1, 2, JIANG Yang1, ZHANG Li-juan1, CAI Ming-li1, LI Cheng-fang1, CAO Cou-gui1   

  1. 1 National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Cultivation (The Middle Reaches of Yangtze River), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P.R.China

    2 Rice Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230031, P.R.China

  • Received:2021-04-08 Accepted:2021-07-28 Online:2022-10-01 Published:2021-07-28
  • About author:Correspondence CAO Cou-gui, E-mail: ccgui@mail.hzau.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
    This work was supported by the Science and Technology Plan Project of Hubei Province, China (2012BLB228), the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2017YFD0301402), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31701359), the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, China (2662017JC007) and the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2017M612477).

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摘要： 水稻种植区域广以及播种期不一等原因引起的生长季温度不适宜，导致了水稻产量和品质的降低。本研究目的是评估不同物候期温度对水稻产量及品质的影响，以获得长江流域水稻不同物候期适宜温度范围。因此，本研究以区域性品种为研究对象，在长江流域不同生态区开展播期试验,观测比较水稻生育进程、产量和品质的差异。结果表明不同播期以及不同生态区，水稻生育进程、产量和品质具有显著性差异，而这恰好与营养生长期（VT）及前20天灌浆期日平均温度（GT20）显著相关。此外，与VT和GT20相比，水稻幼穗分化期温度（RT）变化差异相对较小。因此，根据不同产量和品质的VT和GT20阈值，将本研究试验结果划分为4种情景（Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ, 和 Ⅳ）。其中，情景Ⅰ可获得高的整精米产量和稻米品质；与情景Ⅰ相比，情景Ⅲ和 Ⅳ的整精米产量下降了30.1%和27.6%；情景Ⅱ整精米产量增加不显著，但是其垩白粒率和垩白度要比情景Ⅰ分别高出50.6%和56.3%。综上所述，情景Ⅰ下的VT和GT20组合方式（22.8℃<VT<23.9℃和24.2℃<GT20<27.0℃或3.9℃<VT<25.3℃和4.2℃<GT20<24.9℃），可用于指导长江流域水稻播期调整和水稻适宜品种的选取，以提高该区域的水稻产量和品质。

Abstract: Rice grain yield and quality declines are due to unsuitable temperatures from wide regions and various sowing dates.  This study aimed to evaluate the effects of temperature on rice yield and quality at different phenological periods and obtain suitable temperatures for phenological periods in the Yangtze River Basin, China.  This study conducted experiments on different sowing dates under different areas in the Yangtze River Basin to observe and compare the differences in rice growth, yield, and quality, controlling for regional varieties.  The results showed significant differences in rice growth, yield, and quality among sowing dates and areas, which were related to the average daily temperature during the vegetative period (VT) and the first 20 days of the grain-filling period (GT20).  In addition, there was a smaller variation in the average daily temperature in the reproductive period (RT) than in the two phenological periods.  Therefore, according to the VT and GT20 thresholds of different yields and qualities, the experimental results were divided into four scenarios (I, II, III, and IV) in this study.  In Scenario I, high head rice production (rice grain yield multiplied by head rice rate) and rice quality could be obtained.  The head rice production of Scenarios III and IV was lower than that of Scenario I, by 30.1 and 27.6%, respectively.  In Scenario II, the head rice production increased insignificantly while the chalky grain rate and chalkiness were 50.6 and 56.3% higher than those of Scenario I.  In conclusion, the Scenario I combination with VT ranges of 22.8–23.9°C and GT20 ranges of 24.2–27.0°C or the combination with VT ranges of 23.9–25.3°C and GT20 ranges of 24.2–24.9°C, which can be obtained by adjusting sowing date and selecting rice varieties with suitable growth periods, is recommended to achieve high levels of rice grain yield and quality in the Yangtze River Basin. 

Key words: temperature ,  phenological period ,  grain yield ,  quality