Journal of Integrative Agriculture ›› 2022, Vol. 21 ›› Issue (10): 2888-2899.DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2022.07.035

所属专题: 水稻耕作栽培合辑Rice Physiology · Biochemistry · Cultivation · Tillage

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JIA-2021-0551 华中地区双季稻双直播模式下超短生育期水稻品种产量与抗倒性表现

  

  • 收稿日期:2021-03-25 接受日期:2021-07-08 出版日期:2022-10-01 发布日期:2021-07-08

Grain yield and lodging-related traits of ultrashort-duration varieties for direct-seeded and double-season rice in Central China

WANG Xin-yu, XU Le, LI Xiao-xiao, YANG Guo-dong, WANG Fei, PENG Shao-bing   

  1. National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/Hubei Hongshan Laboratory/Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P.R.China
  • Received:2021-03-25 Accepted:2021-07-08 Online:2022-10-01 Published:2021-07-08
  • About author:WANG Xin-yu, E-mail: xwang_1994@163.com; Correspondence PENG Shao-bing, Tel: +86-27-87288668, Fax: +86-27-87288380, E-mail: speng@mail.hzau.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
    This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31971845), the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2016YFD0300208-03), and the China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA (CARS-01-20).

摘要: 双季稻双直播模式是一种省工、节本的轻简化栽培措施,可有效应对当前双季稻种植面积逐年下降的现状。华中地区温光资源有限,双季稻双直播模式必须选用生育期在95天左右的超短生育期品种才能保障安全生产。此外,因直播稻群体密度大、扎根浅,在实际生产中往往面临着倒伏风险高的问题。然而,目前关于超短生育期水稻品种在双季稻双直播模式下的抗倒性表现和抗倒性提高途径尚不明确。因此,本研究旨在揭示华中地区双季稻双直播模式下超短生育期水稻品种的抗倒机理。田间试验于2017-2018年在湖北省武穴市进行,设置高、低两个氮肥水平,选用四个超短生育期水稻品种为供试材料,于齐穗后15天测定倒伏相关性状。结果表明,超短生育期水稻品种在两个氮水平下的生育期和产量的变异范围分别为85-97天和4.59-7.61 t ha-1。在该产量水平下,弯曲力矩是造成氮肥处理和品种间倒伏指数差异的主要原因,而抗折力及其他茎秆形态指标并未显著影响倒伏指数。弯曲力矩主要受株高的影响,超短生育期水稻品种的株高从95.4 cm降低至80.5 cm,弯曲力矩降低32.0%,倒伏指数降低22.4%,但是产量没有显著降低。因此,在目前的产量水平下,降低超短生育期品种株高是提高双季稻双直播模式抗倒性的有效措施。但是在未来超短生育期品种产量潜力进一步提升的进程中,育种家们更应该关注增强茎秆抗折力,以进一步提高双季稻双直播模式的产量和稳产性。

Abstract: Lodging is the most common constraint on grain yield of direct-seeded rice.  There is limited information about lodging resistance and its related plant traits in direct-seeded and double-season rice (DDR) in Central China.  This study aims  to identify the plant traits that achieve high lodging resistance in ultrashort-duration varieties (about 95 days) of DDR.  Field experiments were conducted in 2017 and 2018 in Wuxue County, Hubei Province, China, with four ultrashort-duration varieties grown under two nitrogen (N) rates.  Lodging-related traits were measured on the 15th day after heading, and yield and yield attributes were measured at maturity.  The grain yield of the four varieties ranged from 4.59 to 7.61 t ha–1 across the two N rates, with a total growth duration of 85 to 97 days.  Varietal differences in lodging index were mainly explained by the bending moment, which was closely related to plant height.  Breaking resistance did not affect the lodging index significantly.  Shortening plant height from 95.4 to 80.5 cm decreased the lodging index by 22.4% but did not reduce grain yield.  Our results suggested that reducing plant height was effective in improving the lodging resistance of ultrashort-duration varieties of DDR.  Lodging resistance should be enhanced by improving breaking resistance rather than reducing plant height to increase DDR grain yield further.

Key words: direct seeding ,  double-season rice ,  lodging ,  plant height ,  ultrashort growth duration