Journal of Integrative Agriculture ›› 2025, Vol. 24 ›› Issue (6): 2389-2409.DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2024.11.032

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优化滴灌淋洗量和时期可调节盐碱土的盐分和硝态氮，实现棉花纤维产量、品质和氮素吸收的提高

  

  • 收稿日期:2024-06-28 修回日期:2024-11-16 接受日期:2024-10-08 出版日期:2025-06-20 发布日期:2025-05-13

Optimal drip irrigation leaching amount and timing enhanced cotton fiber yield, quality and nitrogen uptake by regulating soil salinity and nitrate nitrogen in saline-alkaline fields

Xiaoqiang Liu1, 2, Mingqi Li1, Dong Xue1, Shuai He2, 3, Junliang Fan1, 2#, Fucang Zhang1, 2#, Feihu Yin2, 3#   

  1. 1 Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas of the Ministry of Education, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China

    2 Institute of Farmland Water Conservancy and Soil-Fertilizer, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Science, Shihezi 832000, China

    3 Key Laboratory of Northwest Oasis Water-Saving Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shihezi 832000, China

  • Received:2024-06-28 Revised:2024-11-16 Accepted:2024-10-08 Online:2025-06-20 Published:2025-05-13
  • About author:Xiaoqiang Liu, Mobile: +86-18720054193, E-mail: liuxiaoqiangyx@163.com; #Correspondence Junliang Fan, Mobile: +86-15129391580, E-mail: nwwfjl@163.com; Fucang Zhang, E-mail: zhangfc@nwsuaf.edu.cn; Feihu Yin, E-mail: nkyyfh@sohu.com
  • Supported by:

    This research was financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2022YFD1900401) and the Science and Technology Project of Agriculture, Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, China (2021AB037).

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摘要：

提高棉花纤维质量是增加棉农经济收入的重要途径。然而，如何在不降低棉花纤维产量的情况下实现纤维高质量，仍然是盐碱化棉田面临的一大挑战。本研究的目的是确定淋洗模式如何在盐碱地实现高产优质的棉花。于2020年和2021年在盐碱化棉田进行了不同的滴灌淋洗量和淋洗时期对土壤盐分、棉纤维产量和质量的试验。采用了五种淋洗量（CK：0 mm、W1：75 mm、W2：150 mm、W3：225 mm和 W4：300 mm）和三种淋洗时期（T1：淋洗量在苗期淋洗一次；T2：淋洗量在苗期和蕾期淋洗两次；T3：淋洗量在苗期、蕾期和花铃期淋洗三次）进行了大田试验。结果表明，土壤盐分和NO3-N随淋洗量的增加而降低。棉花各器官中棉铃对氮的吸收量最大，总氮积累量随淋洗量的增加而增加。W3T2处理的棉花纤维产量和灌溉水生产力（IWP）最优，其在2020和2021年分别为 3199 kg ha-1和 2771 kg ha-1、0.5482 kg m-3和0.4912 kg m-3。棉纤维长度、棉纤维强度、棉纤维伸长率和棉纤维均一性随淋洗量的增加而增加，而马克隆值却与淋洗量呈负相关。土壤盐分、NO3-N及马克隆值与纤维质量（即长度、强度、伸长率和均一性）、产量、各器官（即根、茎和叶）的氮吸收量和总氮吸收量呈负相关。皮尔逊相关分析表明，纤维伸长率对土壤盐分最敏感。熵权法-与理想点法耦合模型（EM-TOPSIS）表明，在苗期和蕾期平均300 mm的淋洗量是维持土壤盐分和养分的平衡、实现棉纤维高产优质的最佳淋洗模式。因此，本研究发现最佳淋洗模式可降低土壤盐分，提高了氮素吸收，这有利于实现棉花纤维高产优质。此研究结果对于实现盐碱化棉田生育期滴灌淋洗的可持续生产具有重要指导意义。

Abstract:

Improving cotton fiber quality can increase the economic income of cotton farmers, but achieving high fiber quality without decreasing cotton fiber yield remains a major challenge in saline-alkaline cotton fields.  A field experiment was conducted in 2020 and 2021 on saline-alkaline soil with cotton under drip irrigation to examine how amount and timing of leaching affected soils salinity, cotton fiber yield and quality.  There were five leaching amounts (CK: 0 mm, W1: 75 mm, W2: 150 mm, W3: 225 mm and W4: 300 mm) and three leaching timings (T1: once at the seedling stage, T2: twice at the seedling and budding stages, and T3: thrice at the seedling, budding and pollen-setting stages).  Soil salinity, soil nitrate nitrogen (NO3-N), cotton nitrogen (N) uptake, irrigation water productivity (IWP), cotton fiber yield, fiber length, fiber uniformity, fiber strength, fiber elongation, micronaire and fiber quality index (FQI) were investigated.  The results indicated that soil salinity and NO3-N reduced with increasing leaching amount.  The N uptake of cotton bolls was greater than in cotton leaves, stems and roots, and total N accumulation increased with increasing leaching amount.  The optimal cotton fiber yield and IWP occurred in treatment W3T2, and were 3,199 and 2,771 kg ha−1, and 0.5482 and 0.4912 kg m−3 in 2020 and 2021, respectively.  Fiber length, strength, elongation, and uniformity increased with increasing leaching amount, while there was a negative relationship between fiber micronaire and leaching amount.  Soil salinity, NO3-N and fiber micronaire were negatively correlated with fiber quality (i.e., length, strength, elongation and uniformity) and yield, nitrogen uptake of various organs (i.e., root, stems and leaves) and whole plant nitrogen uptake.  Pearson correlation analysis revealed that fiber elongation was most sensitive to soil salinity.  The method of Entropy–Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (EM–TOPSIS) indicated that leaching of 300 mm of water applied equally at the seedling and budding periods was the optimal treatment to maintain soil salinity and nutrient levels and achieve high cotton fiber yield and quality.  In conclusion, the optimal level of leaching treatment decreased soil salinity and improved nitrogen uptake and was beneficial to achieve high fiber yield and quality.  Our results will be significant for guiding drip irrigation practice of leaching on saline-alkaline soils for sustainable cotton fiber production.


Key words: fiber yield ,  fiber quality ,  leaching ,  soil salinity ,  drip irrigation