高产优良食味杂交籼稻品种的物质生产与穗部特征

doi:10.1016/j.jia.2022.08.033

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

高产与优良食味是杂交籼稻生产的两个重要目标，其协同难度较大。本研究根据稻谷产量和米饭食味值筛选出高产优良食味（HYGT）、低产优良食味（LYGT）和高产普通食味（HYPT）等3种类型杂交籼稻品种，深入研究了3种类型品种的物质生产特性、产量构成特征及稻米食味品质。结果表明，同为优良食味类型，高产优良食味品种较低产优良食味品种产量显著提高的主要原因是有效穗数和每穗粒数显著增加了16.2%和20.6%，高产优良食味品种抽穗期具有较高的叶面积指数、粒叶比更高、干物质积累总量更大。高产优良食味与高产普通食味品种虽产量水平相当，但高产途径不同，高产优良食味品种依靠更多的有效穗数，单穗重和粒重有所降低。高产优良食味品种籽粒中蛋白质和直链淀粉含量分别降低了8.8%和15.7%，是食味值显著提升的重要原因。灌浆结实期茎鞘中物质向穗部的过量转运会增加籽粒中蛋白质含量，不利于优良食味形成。本研究认为，灌浆结实期茎鞘物质向籽粒的适度转运与合理的穗部特征是平衡杂交籼稻产量与食味品质的关键因素。研究结果可为杂交籼稻高产与优良食味协同提供重要的理论依据。

Abstract:

Indica hybrid rice (Oryza sativa) production aims to achieve two crucial targets: high yield and good taste. This study selected three types of indica hybrid rice according to grain yield and taste value, including high yield and good taste (HYGT), low yield and good taste (LYGT), and high yield and poor taste (HYPT), to analyze yield components, corresponding growth characteristics, and rice taste quality. When values were averaged across varieties and years, there were almost no differences in taste value between HYGT and LYGT; HYGT showed a significant increase in yield, owing to a higher number of panicles and spikelets per panicle, with a respective increment of 16.2 and 20.6%. The higher grain yield of HYGT compared with LYGT was attributed to three key factors: a higher leaf area index (LAI) during heading, a higher ratio of grain to leaf, and a higher biomass accumulation at maturity. HYGT and HYPT achieved similar high yields; however, HYGT had more panicle numbers and lower grain weight. In addition, HYGT showed a significantly higher taste value than HYPT, attributed to its significantly lower protein and amylose contents, with reductions of 8.8 and 15.7%, respectively. Lower protein and amylose contents might be caused by a proper matter translocation from vegetative organs to panicle. This study suggested that reasonable panicle characteristics and translocation efficiency from vegetative organs to panicle during heading to maturity are the key factors in balancing yield and rice taste quality. These results will provide valuable insights for rice breeders to improve the grain yield and quality of indica hybrid rice.

Key words: indica hybrid rice , grain yield , taste quality , growth characteristics

LI Min, ZHU Da-wei, JIANG Ming-jin, LUO De-qiang, JIANG Xue-hai, JI Guang-mei, LI Li-jiang, ZHOU Wei-jia. 高产优良食味杂交籼稻品种的物质生产与穗部特征[J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2023, 22(5): 1338-1350.

LI Min, ZHU Da-wei, JIANG Ming-jin, LUO De-qiang, JIANG Xue-hai, JI Guang-mei, LI Li-jiang, ZHOU Wei-jia. Dry matter production and panicle characteristics of high yield and good taste indica hybrid rice varieties[J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2023, 22(5): 1338-1350.

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