延播通过促进茎秆中木质素和纤维素的合成与积累增强小麦抗倒性能

doi:10.1016/j.jia.2022.08.024

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 推迟播期利于提高小麦抗倒伏能力，但其内在机制尚不明确。本研究以冬小麦品种泰农18为供试材料，于2015–2016和2016–2017连续两个生长季进行大田试验，设置10月8日（常规播期）和10月22日（推迟播期）2个播期，旨在明确播期对木质素和纤维素代谢、茎秆形态特征、抗倒伏性能和产量的影响。结果表明，推迟播期通过促进茎秆中木质素和纤维素的合成与积累提高小麦抗倒伏能力。与常规播期相比，推迟播期促进木质素和纤维素合成相关基因(TaPAL、TaCCR、TaCOMT、TaCAD和TaCesA1、3、4、7和8)表达水平和酶(TaPAL和TaCAD)活性水平提前4–12天到达相应峰值，并在大多数取样期显著提高除TaPAL、TaCCR、TaCesA1和TaPAL之外的上述基因表达与酶活性水平，进而促进木质素和纤维素在茎秆伸长期的快速积累。木质素和纤维素的平均积累速率和最大积累速率越高，其最大积累量越多，纤维素的积累持续期也相应延长，拔节期及之后的茎秆木质素/纤维素比值、木质素含量以及拔节后11天的纤维素含量得以提高。进一步的研究表明，促进木质素和纤维素的合成与积累能够有效提高茎秆充实度、机械强度和抗倒伏性。然而，推迟播期增强小麦抗倒伏性能的关键功能基因有待进一步确定。

Abstract:

Delayed sowing mitigates lodging in wheat. However, the mechanism underlying the enhanced lodging resistance in wheat has yet to be fully elucidated. Field experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of sowing date on lignin and cellulose metabolism, stem morphological characteristics, lodging resistance, and grain yield. Seeds of Tainong 18, a winter wheat variety, were sown on October 8 (normal sowing) and October 22 (late sowing) during both of the 2015–2016 and 2016–2017 growing seasons. The results showed that late sowing enhanced the lodging resistance of wheat by improving the biosynthesis and accumulation of lignin and cellulose. Under late sowing, the expression levels of key genes (TaPAL, TaCCR, TaCOMT, TaCAD, and TaCesA1, 3, 4, 7, and 8) and enzyme activities (TaPAL and TaCAD) related to lignin and cellulose biosynthesis peaked 4–12 days earlier, and except for the TaPAL, TaCCR, and TaCesA1 genes and TaPAL, in most cases they were significantly higher than under normal sowing. As a result, lignin and cellulose accumulated quickly during the stem elongation stage. The mean and maximum accumulation rates of lignin and cellulose increased, the maximum accumulation contents of lignin and cellulose were higher, and the cellulose accumulation duration was prolonged. Consequently, the lignin/cellulose ratio and lignin content were increased from 0 day and the cellulose content was increased from 11 days after jointing onward. Our main finding is that the improved biosynthesis and accumulation of lignin and cellulose were responsible for increasing the stem-filling degree, breaking strength, and lodging resistance. The major functional genes enhancing lodging resistance in wheat that are induced by delayed sowing need to be determined.

Key words: cellulose , late sowing , lignin , lodging resistance , wheat

DONG Xiu-chun, QIAN Tai-feng, CHU Jin-peng, ZHANG Xiu, LIU Yun-jing, DAI Xing-long, HE Ming-rong. 延播通过促进茎秆中木质素和纤维素的合成与积累增强小麦抗倒性能[J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2023, 22(5): 1351-1365.

DONG Xiu-chun, QIAN Tai-feng, CHU Jin-peng, ZHANG Xiu, LIU Yun-jing, DAI Xing-long, HE Ming-rong. Late sowing enhances lodging resistance of wheat plants by improving the biosynthesis and accumulation of lignin and cellulose[J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2023, 22(5): 1351-1365.

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