Journal of Integrative Agriculture ›› 2022, Vol. 21 ›› Issue (2): 365-374.DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(20)63434-7

所属专题： 玉米耕作栽培合辑Maize Physiology · Biochemistry · Cultivation · Tillage

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中国东北高纬度地区玉米籽粒田间干燥动态研究

  

  • 收稿日期:2020-03-02 接受日期:2020-09-24 出版日期:2022-01-02 发布日期:2022-01-02

Dynamics of maize grain drying in the high latitude region of Northeast China

CHU Zhen-dong1, 2, 3*, MING Bo2*, LI Lu-lu2, XUE Jun2, ZHANG Wan-xu1, HOU Liang-yu1, 2, XIE Rui-zhi2, HOU Peng2, WANG Ke-ru2, LI Shao-kun1, 2   

  1. 1 Agricultural College, Shihezi University/Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-Agriculture, Xinjiang Production and Construction Crops, Shihezi 832000, P.R.China
    2 Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, P.R.China
    3 Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163000, P.R.China
  • Received:2020-03-02 Accepted:2020-09-24 Online:2022-01-02 Published:2022-01-02
  • About author:CHU Zhen-dong, E-mail: czdjym@163.com; MING Bo, E-mail: mingbo@caas.cn; Correspondence LI Shao-kun, Tel/Fax: +86-10-82108891, E-mail: lishaokun@caas.cn; WANG Ke-ru, Tel: +86-10-82108595, Fax: +86-10-82108891, E-mail: wangkeru@caas.cn * These authors contributed equally to this study.
  • Supported by:
    This work was financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2016YFD0300110), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31971849), the China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA (CARS-02-25), and the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program (CAAS-ZDRW202004).

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摘要：

玉米收获时籽粒含水率高是中国东北高纬度地区玉米生产面临的重要问题，这与品种熟期、区域气候条件以及栽培管理技术密切相关。延迟至冬季收获不能有效降低籽粒含水率以解决上述问题。2016至2017年，在黑龙江省大庆市试验点，连续观测了不同成熟型玉米品种生理成熟后籽粒田间干燥情况。采用两段线性模型对籽粒含水率与外界气象因子进行了阶段性分析。1)两段线性模型可以将各品种的籽粒干燥过程划分为两个不同斜率的单独线性干燥过程，且拟合精度良好。2)快速干燥阶段，温度越高，干燥速度越快。而大气水汽压条件对慢速干燥过程的速率有影响。3)干燥速率由快速干燥阶段转为慢速干燥阶段时的籽粒含水率以及气象因子在品种和年份之间不一致，这两者并非是干燥速率明显变化的关键因素。但霜冻后，气温<0℃会显著降低籽粒干燥速率。4)早熟品种生育期短，干燥时间得以延长，籽粒含水率显著低于中晚熟品种。由于气温下降迅速，籽粒的干燥速率显著降低，中晚熟品种难以在田间干燥至较低的含水率水平。因此，更换早熟品种并实施相应的栽培技术是解决高含水率问题的可行途径。

Abstract: A high grain moisture content at harvest has been an important problem in the high latitude region of Northeast China, and it is closely related to the genotypes of varieties, local meteorological factors and planting management.  However, delayed harvest at a low temperature could not effectively reduce the grain moisture content.  In this study, we continuously observed the grain drying during the late stage of different maturing types of maize varieties in Daqing, Heilongjiang Province, China in 2016 and 2017.  A two-segment linear model was used to analyze the different stages of the drying processes: 1) Two-segment linear model fitting can divide the grain drying process of all varieties into two separate linear drying processes with different slopes.  2) During the rapid drying stage, the drying was faster at a higher temperature.  The rate of slow drying was influenced by air vapor pressure.  3) The moisture content and meteorological factors when the drying rate turns from one stage into the other were not consistent between varieties and years.  After entering the frost period, temperatures below 0°C will significantly reduce the rate of grain drying.  4) Due to the short growth period of early-maturing varieties, the drying time was prolonged, and the grain moisture content was lower than that of the mid-late maturing varieties.  Local meteorological conditions do not allow the drying of mid-late maturing varieties to achieve a lower moisture content.  When the temperature falls below 0°C, the drying rate of grain decreases markedly.  Therefore, one feasible way to solve the problem of high moisture content is to replace the early-maturing varieties and implement the corresponding cultivation techniques.

Key words: grain drying , maize , Northeast China , two-segment linear model