中国肉用绵羊营养需要量研究进展

doi:10.1016/S2095-3119(21)63625-0

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

中国拥有世界上最大的肉羊存栏量和羊肉生产量，是名副其实的养羊越级大国。然而长期以来关于我国肉羊营养需要量的研究缺乏系统性，阻碍了肉用绵羊营养需要量参数的建立和相关标准的完善。我国科技部和财政部于2008年成立了国家现代肉羊产业技术体系为开展肉用绵羊的营养需要量研究提供了技术支持和财政支撑。基于此，本文综述了我国肉用绵羊营养需要量研究的历史发展情况，总结了肉用绵羊营养需要量（包括能量、蛋白质、矿物元素等）的最新研究进展，并重点阐述了中国肉用绵羊营养需要量的未来研究方向。

Abstract: China has the world’s largest sheep flock and the largest producer of sheep meat by far. However, the nutrient requirements have not been systemically studied and there is a lack of knowledge of nutrient requirement for meat-type sheep in China. Since 2008, the nutrient requirements of meat-type sheep in China has been systematically investigated. In this review, we introduced the history of studies of nutrient requirements of meat-type sheep in China, summarized the recent advances in nutrient requirements of meat-type sheep, and highlighted the future directions of researches on nutrient requirements of meat-type sheep in China.

Key words: meat-type sheep , requirement , energy , protein , mineral

MA Tao, DENG Kai-dong, TU Yan, ZHANG Nai-feng, ZHAO Qi-nan, LI Chang-qing, JIN Hai, DIAO Qi-yu. 中国肉用绵羊营养需要量研究进展[J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2022, 21(1): 1-14.

MA Tao, DENG Kai-dong, TU Yan, ZHANG Nai-feng, ZHAO Qi-nan, LI Chang-qing, JIN Hai, DIAO Qi-yu. Recent advances in nutrient requirements of meat-type sheep in China: A review[J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2022, 21(1): 1-14.

参考文献

AFRC (Agricultural and Food Research Council). 1993. Energy and protein requirements of ruminants. In: An Advisory Manual Prepared by the Agricultural and Food Research Council Technical Committee on Responses to Nutrients. Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux International, Wallingford, UK.
Ames D R. 1980. Thermal environment affects production efficiency of livestock. BioScience, 30, 457–460.
Ames D R, Brink D R. 1977. Effect of temperature on lamb performance and protein efficiency ratio. Journal of Animal Science, 44, 136–140.
Bertocchi M, Bosi P, Luise D, Motta V, Salvarani C, Ribani A, Bovo S, Simongiovanni A, Matsunaga K, Takimoto T, Bannai M, Corret E, Fontanesi L, Chalvon-Demersay T, Trevisi P. 2019. Dose-response of different dietary leucine levels on growth performance and amino acid metabolism in piglets differing for aminoadipate-semialdehyde synthase genotypes. Scientific Reports, 9, 18496.
Blaxter K L. 1962. The fasting metabolism of adult wether sheep. British Journal Nutrition, 16, 615–626.
Briske D D, Zhao M, Han G, Xiu C, Kemp D R, Willms W, Havstad K, Kang L, Wang Z, Wu J, Han X, Bai Y. 2015. Strategies to alleviate poverty and grassland degradation in Inner Mongolia: Intensification vs. production efficiency of livestock systems. Journal of Environmental Management, 152, 177–183.
Cai D, Tang Z, Yu H, Han L, Ren X, Zhao X, Zhu H, Zhou H. 2011. Early history of Chinese domestic sheep indicated by ancient DNA analysis of Bronze Age individuals. Journal of Archaeological Science, 38, 896–902.
Chizzotti M L, Valadares Filho S C, Tedeschi L O, Paulino P V R, Paulino M F, Valadares R F D, Amaral P, Benedeti P D B, Rodrigues T I, Fonseca M A. 2009. Net requirements of calcium, magnesium, sodium, phosphorus, and potassium for growth of Nellore × Red Angus bulls, steers, and heifers. Livestock Science, 124, 242–247.
Costa R G, Lima H B, Medeiros A N, Cruz G R B, Peixoto M G L, Silva J K B. 2018. Net protein and energy requirements for weight gain of Santa Inês and Morada Nova sheep. Livestock Science, 214, 288–292.
CSIRO (Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation). 2007. Nutrient Requirements of Domesticated Ruminants. Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation Publishing, Collingwood, Australia.
Cui C. 2017. Energy and protein requirements for pregnancy and lactation of Dorper×Mongolia crossbred ewes. MSc thesis, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, China. (in Chinese)
Dabiri N, Thonney M L. 2004. Source and level of supplemental protein for growing lambs. Journal of Animal Science, 82, 3237–3244.
Deng K, Diao Q, Jiang C, Tu Y, Zhang N, Liu J, Ma T, Zhao Y, Xu G. 2012. Energy requirements for maintenance and growth of Dorper crossbred ram lambs. Livestock Science, 150, 102–110.
Deng K, Jiang C, Tu Y, Zhang N, Liu J, Ma T, Zhao Y, Xu G, Diao Q. 2014. Energy requirements of Dorper crossbred ewe lambs. Journal of Animal Science, 92, 2161–2169.
Deng K, Ma T, Jiang C, Tu Y, Zhang N, Liu J, Zhao Y, Xu G, Diao Q. 2017. Metabolizable protein requirements of Dorper crossbred ram lambs. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 224, 149–155.
Deng K, Ma T, Jiang C, Tu Y, Zhang N, Liu J, Zhao Y, Xu G, Diao Q. 2020. Requirements of metabolizable protein by Dorper×thin-tailed Han crossbred ewe lambs. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition, 104, 831–837.
Dong S. 2015. Study on the energy and protein requirements for lactation of poll Dorset and thin-tailed Han crossbred ewes. MSc thesis, Hebei Agricultural University, China. (in Chinese)
Du F, Hou G, Ma L, Wang Y, Wang W. 2020. Energy requirement of 20 to 35 kg Suffolk×Altay crossbred F1 ewes. Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, 32, 295–301. (in Chinese)
Du W. 2013. The studies on the energy and protein requirements in female lambs of mutton sheep at 35–50 kg. MSc thesis, Gansu Agricultural University, China. (in Chinese)
Eder K, Nonn H, Kluge H, Peganova S. 2003. Tryptophan requirement of growing pigs at various body weights. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition, 87, 336–346.
Ermias E, Yami A, Rege J. 2002. Fat deposition in tropical sheep as adaptive attribute to periodic feed fluctuation. Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics, 119, 235–246.
Flores-Mar J, Zinn R A, Salinas-Chavira J. 2018. Influence of forage NDF level and source in growing–finishing diets on growth performance of feedlot lambs. Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica (Section A: Animal Science), 67, 134–138.
Geng R, Chang H, Yang Z, Sun W, Wang L, Lu S, Tsunoda K, Ren Z. 2003. Study on origin and phylogeny status of Hu sheep. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences, 16, 743–747.
Greenhalgh J F D, Reid G W. 1973. The effects of pelleting various diets on intake and digestibility in sheep and cattle. Animal Science, 16, 223–233.
Guo W, Wang W, Yang D, Cui K, Zhang J, Liu M, Li D, Hu X, Diao Q. 2020. Effects of supplementation of rumen protected amino acids in low protein diets on growth performance and slaughter performance of Dorper×thin-tailed Han crossbred mutton sheep during fattening stage. Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, 32, 1247–1255. (in Chinese)
Hauschild L, Pomar C, Lovatto P A. 2010. Systematic comparison of the empirical and factorial methods used to estimate the nutrient requirements of growing pigs. Animal, 4, 714–723.
Huang Y, Lu L, Luo X, Liu B. 2007. An optimal dietary zinc level of broiler chicks fed a corn-soybean meal diet. Poultry Science, 86, 2582–2589.
INRA (Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique). 1989. Ruminant Nutrition: Recommended Allowances and Feed Tables. John Libbey, Paris, France.
Jaborek J R, Zerby H N, Moeller S J, Fluharty F L. 2017. Effect of energy source and level, and sex on growth, performance, and carcass characteristics of lambs. Small Ruminant Research, 151, 117–123.
Ji S. 2013. Study on main minerals distribution and requirement parameters of Dorper and thin-tailed Han sheep crossbred lambs (F1) during their 20 to 35 kg body weight. MSc thesis, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences. (in Chinese)
Ji S, Xu G, Diao Q, Jiang C, Deng K, Tu Y, Zhang N. 2014. Net zinc requirements of Dorper×thin-tailed Han crossbred lambs. Livestock Science, 167, 178–185.
Jia S. 2013. Studies on the energy and protein requirements in female lambs of mutton sheep at 20–35 kg. MSc thesis, Hebei Agricultural University, China. (in Chinese)
Jin Y, Ding N, Diao X, Yu S, Zhao J, Zhang J. 2019. Net micromineral requirements for maintenance and growth of ewe lambs at the latter fattening period. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences, 33, 1421–1429.
Jin Y, Liu W, Ren Y, Zhang C, Zhao J, Ma X, Zhang J. 2016. Distribution of Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn and the net requirements for maintenance and growth of Dorper×Jinzhong crossbred ram lambs at 35–50 kg. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 47, 2430–2440.
Kidd M T, Tillman P B. 2016. Key principles concerning dietary amino acid responses in broilers. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 221, 314–322.
Kienzle E. 1998. Factorial calculation of nutrient requirements in lactating queens. The Journal of Nutrition, 128, 2609S–2614S.
Kong C, Adeola O. 2014. Evaluation of amino acid and energy utilization in feedstuff for swine and poultry diets. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences, 27, 917–925.
Lewis R M, Emmans G C. 2010. Feed intake of sheep as affected by body weight, breed, sex, and feed composition. Journal of Animal Science, 88, 467–480.
Li S, Lin Y, Lu L, Xi L, Wang Z, Hao S, Zhang L, Li K, Luo X. 2011. An estimation of the manganese requirement for broilers from 1 to 21 days of age. Biological Trace Element Research, 143, 939–948.
Li W, Diao Q. 2016. Research progress on dry matter intake of mutton sheep and related influencing factors. Chinese Journal of Animal Science, 52, 95–99. (in Chinese)
Li W, Tao H, Zhang R, Zhang F, Xie B, Zhang N, Diao Q. 2018. Effects of dietary fat levels on growth performance and serum parameters of early-weaned male twin Hu lambs. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 49, 327–337. (in Chinese)
Li X, Chai J, Zhang N, Zhang R, Wang J, Wang S, Tao D, Diao Q. 2017. Exploration of requirement models and limiting sequence of four kinds of essential amino acids of weaned lambs. Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, 29, 106–117. (in Chinese)
Li X, Zhang N, Ma T, Tao D, Chai J, Wang Y, Zhang F, Diao Q. 2018. Effects of essential amino acids partial deduction in starter on slaughter performance and amino acid contents in different parts of Hu lambs. Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, 30, 115–125. (in Chinese)
Li Y. 2015. Study of energy and protein requirements for pregnancy and lactation of polled Dorset×small tailed Han sheep crossbred ewes. MSc thesis, Hebei Agricultural University, China. (in Chinese)
Liao X, Ma C, Lu L, Zhang L, Luo X. 2017. Determination of dietary iron requirements by full expression of iron-containing cytochrome oxidase in the heart of broilers from 22 to 42 d of age. British Journal of Nutrition, 118, 493–499.
Liu S, Liao X, Lu L, Li S, Wang L, Zhang L, Jiang Y, Luo X. 2017. Dietary non-phytate phosphorus requirement of broilers fed a conventional corn-soybean meal diet from 1 to 21 d of age. Poultry Science, 96, 151–159.
Lou C. 2014. Energy and protein requirements for pregnancy and lactation of Dorper×thin-tailed Han crossbred ewes. MSc thesis, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences. (in Chinese)
Lou C, Si B, Deng K, Ma T, Jiang C, Tu Y, Zhang N, Ji S, Chen D, Diao Q. 2015. Energy requirements of Dorper×thin-tailed Han crossbred ewes during non-pregnancy and lactation. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 14, 2605–2617.
Lu L, Chang B, Liao X, Wang R, Zhang L, Luo X. 2016. Use of molecular biomarkers to estimate manganese requirements for broiler chickens from 22 to 42 d of age. British Journal of Nutrition, 116, 1–7.
Ma T, Deng K, Tu Y, Zhang N, Si B, Xu G, Diao Q. 2017a. Net protein and metabolizable protein requirements for maintenance and growth of early-weaned Dorper crossbred male lambs. Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology, 8, 40.
Ma T, Deng K, Tu Y, Zhang N, Si B, Xu G, Diao Q. 2017b. Protein requirements of early-weaned Dorper crossbred female lambs. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 16, 1138–1144.
Ma T, Nie H, Zhang H, Ji Y, Wang Z, Deng K, Wang F. 2016b. Energy and protein requirements for maintenance of Doper sheep and Hu sheep hybrid F1 ewes during pregnancy. Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, 28, 2943–2952. (in Chinese)
Ma T, Xu G, Deng K, Ji S, Tu Y, Zhang N, Diao Q. 2016a. Energy requirements of early-weaned Dorper cross-bred female lambs. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition, 100, 1081–1089.
Ma X. 2016. Energy, protein and main mineral requirements for the maintenance and growth of 35–50 kg Dorper-Jinzhong crossbred ram lambs. MSc thesis, Shanxi Agricultural University, China. (in Chinese)
Ma X, Liao X, Lu L, Li S, Zhang L, Luo X. 2016. Determination of dietary iron requirements by full expression of iron-containing enzymes in various tissues of broilers. The Journal of Nutrition, 146, 2267–2273.
Ma T, Deng K, Diao Q. 2019a. Prediction of methane emission from sheep based on data measured in vivo from open-circuit respiratory studies. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences, 32, 1389–1396.
Ma T, Wan F, Yang D, Deng K, Yang K, Diao Q. 2019. Growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and slaughter traits of male fattening lambs under different feeding standards. Animal Nutrition, 5, 74–79.
Masters D G, Hancock S, Refshauge G, Robertson S, Bhanugopan M, Friend M, Thompson A N. 2018. Mineral status of reproducing ewes grazing vegetative cereal crops. Animal Production Science, 58, 2049–2060.
Masters D G, Hancock S, Refshauge G, Robertson S M, McGrath S, Bhanugopan M, Friend M A, Thompson A N. 2019. Mineral supplements improve the calcium status of pregnant ewes grazing vegetative cereals. Animal Production Science, 59, 1299–1309.
Masters D G, Thompson A N. 2016. Grazing crops: Implications for reproducing sheep. Animal Production Science, 56, 655–668.
McNeill S H. 2014. Inclusion of red meat in healthful dietary patterns. Meat Science, 98, 452–460.
van Milgen J, Dourmad J Y. 2015. Concept and application of ideal protein for pigs. Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology, 6, 15.
Ngwa A T, Nsahlai I V, Bonsi M L K. 2003. Feed intake and dietary preferences of sheep and goats offered hay and legume-tree pods in South Africa. Agroforestry Systems, 57, 29–37.
Nie H. 2014. Research on nutrient requirement for Dorper and Hu crossbred F1 sheep and application of residual feed intake in feeding efficiency evaluation. Ph D thesis, Nanjing Agricultural University, China. (in Chinese)
Nie H, Wan Y, You J, Wang Z, Lan S, Fan Y, Wang F. 2015a. Effect of age on energy requirement for maintenance and growth of dorper and Hu crossbred F1 ewes weighing 20 to 50 kg. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences, 28, 1140–1149.
Nie H, Zhang H, You J, Wang F. 2015b. Determination of energy and protein requirement for maintenance and growth and evaluation for the effects of gender upon nutrient requirement in Dorper×Hu crossbred lambs. Tropical Animal Health and Production, 47, 841–853.
NRC (National Research Council). 1987. Predicting Feed Intake of Food-Producing Animals. National Academy Press, Washington, D.C.
NRC (National Research Council). 2001. Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle. 7th ed. National Academy Press, Washington D.C.
NRC (National Research Council). 2007. Nutrient Requirements of Small Ruminants: Sheep, Goats, Cervids, and New World Camelids. National Academy Press, Washington, D.C.
NRC (National Research Council). 2016. Nutrient Requirements of Beef Cattle. 8th ed. National Academy Press, Washington, D.C.
Oliveira A P, Pereira E S, Biffani S, Medeiros A N, Silva A M A, Oliveira R L, Marcondes M I. 2017. Meta-analysis of the energy and protein requirements of hair sheep raised in the tropical region of Brazil. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition, 102, e52–e60.
Pandis N, Walsh T, Polychronopoulou A, Katsaros C, Eliades T. 2014. Factorial designs: An overview with applications to orthodontic clinical trials. European Journal of Orthodontics, 36, 314–320.
Peng J, Zhang Y, Liu Y, Jia S, Du W. 2013. Energy requirements of fattening Dorset and thin-tailed Han crossbred ram lambs. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 46, 5066–5074. (in Chinese)
Pereira E S, Carmo A B R, Costa M R G F, Medeiros A N, Oliveira R L, Pinto A P, Carneiro M S S, Lima F W R, Campos A C N, Gomes S P. 2016. Mineral requirements of hair sheep in tropical climates. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition, 100, 1090–1096.
Pereira E S, Lima F W R, Campos A C N, Carneiro M S S, Silva L P, Pereira M W F, Medeiros A N, Bezerra L R, Oliveira R L. 2019. Net mineral requirements for the growth and maintenance of Somali lambs. Animal, 13, 112–118.
Pereira E S, Lima F W R, Marcondes M I, Rodrigues J P P, Campos A C N, da Silva L P, Bezerra L R, Pereira M W F, Oliveira R L. 2017. Energy and protein requirements of Santa Ines lambs, a breed of hair sheep. Animal, 11, 2165–2174.
Pereira E S, Pereira M W F, Marcondes M I, Medeiros A N, de Oliveira R L, da Silva L P, Mizubuti I Y, Campos A C N, Heinzen E L, Veras A S C, Bezerra L R, de Araújo T L A C. 2018. Maintenance and growth requirements in male and female hair lambs. Livestock Science, 159, 75–83.
De Rancourt M, Fois N, Lavín M P, Tchakérian E, Vallerand F. 2006. Mediterranean sheep and goats production: An uncertain future. Small Ruminant Research, 62, 167–179.
Sakomura N K, Silva E P, Dorigam J C P, Gous R M, St-Pierre N. 2015. Modeling amino acid requirements of poultry. Journal of Applied Poultry Research, 24, 267–282.
Salah N, Sauvant D, Archimède H. 2014. Nutritional requirements of sheep, goats and cattle in warm climates: A meta-analysis. Animal, 8, 1439–1447.
Silveira S R, Terry S A, Biffin T E, Maurício R M, Pereira L G R, Ferreira A L, Ribeiro R S, Sacramento J P, Tomich T R, Machado F S, Campos M M, Gama M A S, Chaves A V. 2019. Replacement of soybean meal with soybean cake reduces methane emissions in dairy cows and an assessment of a face-mask technique for methane measurement. Frontiers in Veterinary Science, 6, 295.
Souza A P, St-Pierre N R, Fernandes M H R M, Almeida A K, Vargas J A C, Resende K T, Teixeira I A M A. 2017. Sex effects on net protein and energy requirements for growth of Saanen goats. Journal of Dairy Science, 100, 4574–4586.
Sui D, Liu N, Zhou Y. 2019. Effects of mineral deficiency on body weight gain and wool growth of house-feeding Tan sheep. Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, 31, 3643–3650. (in Chinese)
Tedeschi L O, Fox D G, Fonseca M A, Cavalcanti. 2015. Models of protein and amino acid requirements for cattle. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, 44, 109–132.
Tian F, Jin H, Xue S, Wang G, Liu S, Huangfu J, Li Y, Wang X. 2015. Study of the protein requirement of Baimei sheep at 20–35 kg of BW. Feed Research, 24, 27–30. (in Chinese)
Waldron S A. 2007. China’s Livestock Revolution: Agribusiness and Policy Developments in the Sheep Meat Industry. Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux International, Wallingford, UK.
Wang P. 2011. The studies on the energy and protein requirements in male lambs of mutton sheep at 20–35 kg.
MSc thesis, Hebei Agricultural University, China. (in Chinese)
Webster A J F, Hicks A M, Hays F L. 1969. Cold climate and cold temperature induced changes in the heat production and thermal insulation of sheep. Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology, 47, 553–562.
Wright A D G, Williams A J, Winder B, Christophersen C T, Rodgers S L, Smith K D. 2004. Molecular diversity of rumen methanogens from sheep in Western Australia. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 70, 1263–1270.
Xu G, Ma T, Ji S, Deng K, Tu Y, Jiang C, Diao Q. 2015. Energy requirements for maintenance and growth of early-weaned Dorper crossbred male lambs. Livestock Science, 177, 71–78.
Yang C, Wang C, Zhao Y, Chen T, Aubry A, Gordon A W, Yan T. 2020. Updating maintenance energy requirement for the current sheep flocks and the associated effect of nutritional and animal factors. Animal, 14, 295–302.
Yang C, Yan T. 2018. Feed into Lamb (FIL): An Investigation of Metabolisable Energy Requirements and Environmental Footprint of Sheep Toward Developing a Robust Energy Feeding System for Sustainable Sheep Production. Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Hillsborough, Northern Ireland.
Yang H, Li X. 2000. Cultivated land and food supply in China. Land Use Policy, 17, 73–88.
Yang Z, Yang W, Zhang C, Song J, Lin G, Jiang S, Ge J. 1999. Study of the energy requirements of fat-tailed Han sheep during fattening period. Journal of Shandong Agricultural University, 30, 97–103. (in Chinese)
Zhang H, Nie H, Wang Q, Wang Z, Zhang Y, Guo R, Wang F. 2015b. Trace element concentrations and distributions in the main body tissues and the net requirements for maintenance and growth of Dorper×Hu lambs. Journal of Animal Science, 93, 2471–2481.
Zhang H, Nie H, Wang Z, Wang F. 2018a. The net iron, manganese, copper, and zinc requirements for maintenance and growth of Dorper×Hu ewe lambs. Italian Journal of Animal Science, 17, 941–949.
Zhang H, Sun L, Wang Z, Ma T, Deng M, Wang F, Zhang Y. 2018b. Energy and protein requirements for maintenance of Hu sheep during pregnancy. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 17, 173–183.
Zhang H, Zhang Y, Peng A, Nie H, Wang F, Elsabagh M, Loor J J, Amini N C. 2020. Determination of the trace minerals requirements for maintenance and growth of 35–50 kg Dorper×Hu crossbred ram lambs. Italian Journal of Animal Science, 19, 203–212.
Zhang K, Li C, Bao W, Guo M, Zhang Q, Yang Y, Kou Q, Gao W, Wang X, Yang Z, Chen Y. 2018. Regional assessment of the virtual water of sheep and goats in arid areas. Animal and Veterinary Sciences, 6, 58–66.
Zhang S. 2015. Energy and protein requirements for pregnancy and lactation on meat sheep. Msc thesis, Huazhong Agricultural University, China. (in Chinese)
Zhang Y, Huang D, Badgery W B, Kemp D R, Chen W, Wang X, Liu N. 2015a. Reduced grazing pressure delivers production and environmental benefits for the typical steppe of north China. Scientific Reports, 5, 16434.
Zhao J, Ma X, Jin Y, Su R, Liu W, Ren Y, Zhang C, Zhang J. 2016. Energy requirements for the maintenance and growth of Dorper-Jinzhong crossbred ram lambs. Italian Journal of Animal Science, 15, 94–102.
Zhao X, Yang J, Zhang Y, Liu Y, Zhang Y. 2016a. Mineral requirements for Dorset×thin-tailed Han crossbred male lambs at 35 to 50 kg. Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, 28, 739–746. (in Chinese)
Zhao X, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Jia S. 2016b. Growth requirements of copper, iron, manganese and zinc for Dorset and thin-tailed Han crossbred female lambs at 20 to 35 kg. Feed Industry, 37, 41–44. (in Chinese)
Zhou L, Ma T, Cui K, Wang W, Yang D, Wang Y, Chen H, Chen R, Diao Q. 2019a. Effects of fat-soluble vitamins on growth performance and digestion and metabolism of Dorper×thin-tailed Han crossbred sheep during fattening stage. Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, 31, 1188–1197. (in Chinese)
Zhou L, Wang Z, Ma T, Cui K, Yang D, Pan T, Wang W, Wang Y, Chen H, Diao Q. 2019b. Effects of restriction and excess amount of fat-soluble vitamins on slaughter performance, internal organ development and meat quality of Dorper×thin-tailed Han crossbred lambs during fattening stage. Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, 31, 2176–2186. (in Chinese)