转基因大豆和不同种群野生大豆的亲和性

doi:10.1016/S2095-3119(20)63385-8

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

遗传改良的转基因大豆引入农田生态系统后转基因可能通过花粉介导从大豆漂移到当地的野生大豆，并可能通过提高某些环境下杂交种的适合度增加转基因大豆的杂草化风险，同时也威胁野生大豆的遗传多样性。虽然花粉介导的转基因作物和野生近缘种的基因漂移依赖于许多因素，但由遗传背景决定的亲和性是关键因素。不同种群野生大豆的遗传变异可能会导致其与转基因大豆的亲和性存在较大差异，因此评价转基因大豆与不同种群野生大豆的亲和性是评估转基因大豆与野生大豆基因漂移环境风险的必要环节。以转基因抗草甘膦大豆为父本，18个野生大豆种群为母本进行人工杂交，分析了杂交后的结荚率和每荚饱满种子粒数，计算出不同种群野生大豆自交及其与转基因大豆杂交200朵花后产生的饱满种子粒数（AFS），最后计算杂交亲和性指数（ICSC）（野生大豆与转基因大豆杂交200朵花产生的饱满种子数与野生大豆自交200朵花产生的饱满种子数之比）。结果表明，18个种群野生大豆自交和杂交后，结荚率分别介于96.50 - 99.50% 和4.92-18.03%，每荚饱满种子粒数分别介于1.70 - 2.69 和0.20 - 0.48之间。近89%的野生大豆种群与转基因大豆的亲和性为中等及以上（ICSC>1.0%）。这一结果显示转基因大豆的基因通过花粉向野生大豆漂移的可能性较高。

Abstract: The introduction of genetically modified (GM) soybean into farming systems raises great concern that transgenes from GM soybean may flow to endemic wild soybean via pollen. This may increase the weediness of transgenic soybean by increasing the fitness of hybrids under certain conditions and threaten the genetic diversity of wild soybean populations. Although pollen-mediated gene flow between GM crops and wild relatives is dependent on many factors, the sexual compatibility (SC) determined by their genetic backgrounds is the conclusive factor. The considerable genetic variation among wild soybean populations may cause compatibility differences between different wild and cultivated soybeans. Thus, an evaluation of the SC between transgenic soybean and different wild soybeans is essential for assessing the environmental consequences of cultivated soybean–wild soybean transgene flow. The podding and seed sets were assessed after artificial hybridization using transgenic glyphosate-resistant soybean as the paternal parent and 18 wild soybean populations as the maternal parents. Then, the average number of filled seeds produced in 200 flowers (AFS) was calculated for each wild soybean under natural self-pollination as well as under artificial crossing with transgenic soybean. Finally, the index of cross-SC was calculated (ICSC) as the ratio of the AFS of wild soybean artificially crossed with transgenic soybean and the AFS of naturally self-pollinated wild soybean. The results demonstrated that after self-pollination and crossing with transgenic soybean, the average podding rates of 18 wild soybean populations ranged within 96.50–99.50% and 4.92–18.03%, and the average filled seed numbers per pod varied from 1.70 to 2.69 and 0.20 to 0.48, respectively. The results showed that approximately 89% of wild soybeans displayed either medium or higher than medium SC with transgenic soybean (ICSC>1.0%). This implied the high possibility of gene flow via pollen from transgenic soybean to wild soybean.

Key words: transgenic soybean , wild soybean , sexual compatibility , artificial hybridization , gene flow

. 转基因大豆和不同种群野生大豆的亲和性 [J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2022, 21(1): 36-48.

HU Yu-qi, SHENG Ze-wen, LIU Jin-yue, LIU Qi, QIANG Shen, SONG Xiao-ling, LIU Biao. Sexual compatibility of transgenic soybean and different wild soybean populations[J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2022, 21(1): 36-48.

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