四川盆北地震重灾区农林复合模式的土壤培肥改土效果

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2016.15.014

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】了解四川盆北地震重灾区不同农林复合模式对土壤的培肥改土效应，以筛选出适宜的农林复合模式。【方法】对四川盆北地震重灾区8种农林复合模式（梨树+蕉藕（LSJO）、梨树+胡豆（LSHD）、梨树+油菜（LSYC）、梨树+红苕（LSHS）、核桃+蕉藕（HTJO）、核桃+魔芋（HTMY）、枇杷+大豆（PPDD）、枇杷+红苕（PPHS））和农地对照（CK）的土壤物理性质、养分含量和酶活性进行研究，并利用隶属函数法对各模式的土壤抗蚀性、肥力和培肥改土效应进行综合评价。【结果】8种农林复合模式与CK相比，土壤非毛管孔隙、毛管孔隙、总孔隙、通气度、自然含水量、最大持水量、毛管持水量、最小持水量和排水能力分别增加17.6%—161.8%、11.6%—32.7%、12.5%—45.2%、17.9%—79.5%、10.7%—35.4%、13.7%—48.6%、12.0%—33.1%、16.4%—58.7%和10.4%—25.3%；＞0.25 mm土壤团聚体（干筛）、＞0.25 mm水稳性团聚体（湿筛）和水稳性团聚体平均重量直径分别增加0.9%—7.2%、5.6%—18.1%和14.8%—138.7%；结构体破坏率和不稳定团粒指数分别降低24.0%—51.4%和17.1%—54.7%；＜0.002 mm土壤黏粒含量、结构性颗粒指数、团聚状况、团聚度和物理稳定性指数分别增加15.1%—45.2%、14.2%—28.9%、69.3%—417.3%、58.3%—256.6%和3.5%—23.9%；＜0.05 mm微团聚体含量、分散率、侵蚀系数和受蚀性指数分别降低5.4%—33.7%、8.4%—44.1%、18.0%—49.8%和19.1%—75.1%；有机碳、全氮和碱解氮含量分别增加7.1%—46.7%、4.3%—30.9%和18.8%—57.5%；有效磷和速效钾含量分别降低1.7%—29.7%和20.8%—53.4%；脲酶、磷酸酶和蔗糖酶活性分别增加17.3%—60.0%、34.7%—149.2%和21.0%—102.8%；各模式土壤抗蚀性综合值（CVSA）和培肥改土效应综合值（CVAE）均显著高于农地对照（CK），各模式除梨树+红苕和枇杷+红苕外，土壤肥力综合值（CVSF）均显著高于农地对照（CK）。梨树、核桃和枇杷林下分别以种植蕉藕、蕉藕和大豆具有较高的土壤抗蚀性综合值、土壤肥力综合值和土壤培肥改土效应综合值。土壤抗蚀性综合值与土壤肥力综合值间呈显著正相关（P＜0.05）。【结论】在梨树林下种植蕉藕、胡豆和油菜，在核桃林下种植蕉藕和魔芋及在枇杷林下种植大豆具有显著的培肥改土效应，对于提高四川盆北地震重灾区土壤抗蚀性和土壤肥力具有重要作用；土壤抗蚀性的提高与土壤肥力的增加具有协同效应。

关键词: 地震重灾区, 农林复合模式, 培肥改土, 四川盆地

Abstract: 【Objective】The effects of different agro-forestry models on soil amendment and enrichment efficiency were studied to select the optimum model in serious earthquake region of northern Sichuan basin.【Method】Soil physical properties, nutrient contents and enzyme activities were determined under 8 agro-forestry models (including Pyrus spp+canna edulis (LSJO), Pyrus spp+Vicia faba (LSHD), Pyrus spp+Brassica chinensis (LSYC), Pyrus spp+Ipomoea batatas (LSHS), Juglans regia+Canna edulis (HTJO), Juglans regia+Amorphophallus rivieri (HTMY), Eriobotrya japonica+Glycine max (PPDD), Eriobotrya japonica+ Ipomoea batatas (PPHS)) and farmland control (CK), and the membership function method was used to evaluate soil anti-erodibility, fertility, and amendment and enrichment efficiency of different models.【Result】Compared with the CK, soil non-capillary porosity, capillary porosity, total porosity, ventilation degree, natural water content, maximum water-holding capacity, capillary water-holding capacity, minimum water-holding capacity and drainage capacity of the 8 agro-forestry models were increased by 17.6%-161.8%, 11.6%-32.7%, 12.5%-45.2%, 17.9%-79.5%, 10.7%-35.4%, 13.7%-48.6%, 12.0%-33.1%, 16.4%-58.7% and 10.4%-25.3%, respectively; ＞0.25 mm soil aggregate (dry sieving), ＞0.25 mm water-stable aggregate (wet sieving) and mean weight diameter of water-stable aggregates were increased by 0.9%-7.2%, 5.6%-18.1% and 14.8%-138.7%, respectively; ratio of soil structure deterioration and index of unstable aggregate were reduced by 24.0%-51.4% and 17.1%-54.7%, respectively; ＜0.002 mm clay content, structure particle index, aggregation status, aggregation degree and physical stability index were increased by 15.1%-45.2%, 14.2%-28.9%, 69.3%-417.3%, 58.3%-256.6% and 3.5%-23.9%, respectively; ＜0.05 mm micro-aggregates content, dispersion rate, erosion coefficient and eroded index were reduced by 5.4%-33.7%, 8.4%-44.1%, 18.0%-49.8% and 19.1%-75.1%, respectively; organic C, total N and hydrolysis N content were increased by 7.1%-46.7%, 4.3%-30.9% and 18.8%-57.5%, respectively; available P and available K content were reduced by 1.7%-29.7% and 20.8%-53.4%, respectively; invertase, phosphatase and urease activity were increased by 17.3%-60.0%, 34.7%-149.2% and 21.0%-102.8%, respectively. The comprehensive value of soil anti-erodibility (CVSA) and amendment and enrichment efficiency (CVAE) in all agro-forestry models were significantly higher than that in CK. The comprehensive value of soil fertility (CVSF) in all agro-forestry models except for LSHS and PPHS were significantly higher than that in CK. Planting canna edulis, canna edulis and Glycine max under Pyrus spp plantation, Juglans regia plantation and Eriobotrya japonica plantation respectively, could gain higher CVSA, CVSF and CVAE. The CVSA positively and significantly correlated with CVSF (P＜0.05). 【Conclusion】Planting canna edulis, Vicia faba, Brassica chinensis in Pyrus spp plantation, planting canna edulis and Amorphophallus rivieri in Juglans regia plantation and planting Glycine max in Eriobotrya japonica plantation have significant soil amendment and enrichment efficiency, and are important to improve soil anti-erodibility and soil fertility in serious earthquake region of northern Sichuan basin. The improvement of soil anti-erodibility and soil fertility has a synergistic effect.

Key words: serious earthquake region, agro-forestry model, soil amendment and enrichment efficiency, Sichuan basin

赵昌平，王景燕，龚伟，闫思宇，舒正悦，蔡煜. 四川盆北地震重灾区农林复合模式的土壤培肥改土效果[J]. 中国农业科学, 2016, 49(15): 2999-3009.

ZHAO Chang-ping, WANG Jing-yan, GONG Wei, YAN Si-yu, SHU Zheng-yue, CAI Yu. Soil Amendment and Enrichment Efficiency of Agro-Forestry Models in Serious Earthquake Region of Northern Sichuan Basin[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2016, 49(15): 2999-3009.

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