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1. 高产优良食味杂交籼稻品种的物质生产与穗部特征
LI Min, ZHU Da-wei, JIANG Ming-jin, LUO De-qiang, JIANG Xue-hai, JI Guang-mei, LI Li-jiang, ZHOU Wei-jia
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2023, 22 (5): 1338-1350.   DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2022.08.033
摘要210)      PDF    收藏

高产与优良食味是杂交籼稻生产的两个重要目标,其协同难度较大。本研究根据稻谷产量和米饭食味值筛选出高产优良食味(HYGT低产优良食味(LYGT高产普通食味(HYPT3种类型杂交籼稻品种,深入研究了3类型品种物质生产特性、产量构成特征稻米食味品质。结果表明,同为优良食味类型,高产优良食味品种较低产优良食味品种产量显著提高的主要原因是有效穗数和每穗粒数显著增加了16.2%20.6%,高产优良食味品种抽穗期具有较高的叶面积指数、粒叶比更高、干物质积累总量更大。高产优良食味与高产普通食味品种虽产量水平相当,但高产途径不同,高产优良食味品种依靠更多的有效穗数,单穗重和粒重有所降低。高产优良食味品种籽粒中蛋白质和直链淀粉含量分别降低了8.8%15.7%,是食味值显著提升的重要原因。灌浆结实期茎鞘中物质向穗部的过量转运会增加籽粒中蛋白质含量,不利于优良食味形成。本研究认为,灌浆结实期茎鞘物质向籽粒的适度转运与合理的穗部特征是平衡杂交籼稻产量与食味品质的关键因素。研究结果可为杂交籼稻高产与优良食味协同提供重要的理论依据。

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2. 30年有机物料与化学氮肥配施对土壤团聚体碳氮的影响
BAI Jin-shun, ZHANG Shui-qing, HUANG Shao-min, XU Xin-peng, ZHAO Shi-cheng, QIU Shao-jun, HE Ping, ZHOU Wei
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2023, 22 (11): 3517-3534.   DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2023.09.012
摘要203)      PDF    收藏

为理解长期有机物料与化学氮肥配施对土壤有机碳和全氮的影响,在黄淮海平原开展了长达30年的小麦-玉米轮作田间试验(1990–2019)。试验包含5个施肥处理:不施肥(control)、单施化肥(NPK)、化肥与秸秆配施NPKS)、化肥与有机肥配施(NPKM)和1.5倍化肥与有机肥配施1.5NPKM),NPKNPKSNPKM处理氮投入总量相同。测定试验期间作物产量,采集土壤表层(0–10 and 10–20 cm)和下层(20–40 cm)样品,进行土壤团聚体分级并测定团聚体碳氮含量。有机无机配合处理NPKS, NPKM1.5NPKM)与NPK处理相比30年平均作物产量无显著差异,土壤表层和下层有机碳和全氮均显著提高,表层土壤有机碳和全氮分别提高24.1–44.4%22.8–47.7%下层土壤有机碳和全氮分别提高22.0–47.9%19.8–41.8%%。与NPK处理相比NPKS处理0-10cm土层和NPKM处理20-40cm土层具有显著较高的大团聚体组分质量比例,提高幅度分别为19.827.0%然而1.5NPKM处理在0-10cm20-40cm土层的土壤大团聚体组分质量比例较对照显著降低下降幅度分别为-19.2-29.1%。分析表明有机无机配合处理较NPK处理有显著较高土壤有机碳和全氮主要与自由态微团聚体和大团聚体中的微团聚体等土壤稳定性组分的碳氮增加有关,稳定性组分对土壤碳氮含量增加的贡献率分别达81.1–91.7%和 83.3–94.0%。不同施肥处理0-40cm土层的土壤稳定性碳库和氮库与处理年平均碳投入量均呈显著正相关,回归系数分别为0.740.72(P<0.01),表明土壤氮对碳贮存的重要性。我们研究为长期有机物料与化学氮肥配施措施在保持合理总氮投入下有利于上层和下层土壤碳氮的保蓄提供了证据。

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3. Does heat accumulation alter crop phenology, fibre yield and fibre properties of sunnhemp (Crotalaria juncea L.) genotypes with changing seasons?
Subrahmaniyan KASIRAJAN, Perumal VEERAMANI, ZHOU Wei-jun
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2021, 20 (9): 2395-2409.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(20)63357-3
摘要100)      PDF    收藏
Field experiments were carried out in split plot design during the dry and wet seasons for two years (two seasons each in 2016–2017 and 2017–2018) with two genotypes (SH4 and SUIN053), two plant geometry (30×15 cm and 45×15 cm main plots) and three levels of NPK (20 kg N ha–1, 40 kg P ha–1 and 40 kg K ha–1; 20 kg N ha–1, 60 kg P ha–1 and 60 kg K ha–1; 20 kg N ha–1, 80 kg P ha–1 and 80 kg K ha–1) with an objective to study the relationship between fibre yield of sunhmep and thermal indices.  The results indicated that the thermal units such as cumulative heat unit (CHU), photo thermal unit (PTU) and  helio thermal unit (HTU) were the highest during dry seasons, while relative temperature disparity (RTD) was the highest during wet seasons irrespective of the genotypes, plant geometry and fertilizer levels.  The combined analysis of variance showed that the suitability of sunnhemp genotypes for obtaining fibre and seed yields varied with season.  The results further indicated that sunnhemp grew during dry seasons with longer photoperiod and higher values of growing degree days (GDD), HTU and PTU resulted in a higher fibre yield, while a higher seed yield and relatively longer, finer and stronger fibres were obtained during wet seasons with higher RTD values.  Regression analysis indicated that CHU was positively related to fibre yield, while RTD was positively related to seed yield.   CHU beyond 2 000 °C d reduced seed yield and favoured fibre production.  In contrary to CHU, RTD values were positively related to seed yield and negatively related to fibre yield.   Similarly, HTU had an inverse relationship with fibre yield while PTU had a positive relationship with fibre yield.  The genotype SH4 produced a seed yield of 1 361 kg ha–1 during wet seasons, which was significantly higher than SUIN053, while a fibre yield of 990 kg ha–1 (significantly higher than that of SH4) was obtained for SUIN053 that required less CHU to attain the phenological events during dry seasons.  The per unit area yields of seed and fibre with the closer spacing (30 cm×15 cm)  by virtue of higher plant density were 17.0 and 14.9% higher than those with the spacing of 45 cm×15 cm, respectively.  Higher doses of P and K resulted in higher seed and fibre yields.
 
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4. Indica rice restorer lines with large sink potential exhibit improved nutrient transportation to the panicle, which enhances both yield and nitrogen-use efficiency
TIAN Qing-lan, HE Lian-hua, LIAO Shuang, LI Wu, DENG Fei, ZHOU Wei, ZHONG Xiao-yuan, REN Wan-jun
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2021, 20 (6): 1438-1456.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(20)63309-3
摘要119)      PDF    收藏

杂交组合的产量和氮素利用率与恢复系密切相关,因此,对高产氮高效型恢复系的农艺性状进行评价是十分必要的。然而,目前尚不清楚哪些骨干恢复系是高产氮高效型,它们的共同农艺性状也尚未被鉴定,在本研究中,我们旨在解决这个问题。我们在3个施氮量下实施了2个大田试验,从15个籼型恢复系中筛选出了5个高产氮高效型恢复系,并研究了不同产量和不同氮素利用率类型恢复系的产量、氮素利用率和养分转运情况。结果表明,产量和地上部总吸氮量随施氮量的增加而增加,而氮素稻谷生产效率随施氮量的增加而降低。高产氮高效型恢复系的每穗粒数较多,单穗重较高;而每穗粒数和单穗重均与产量和氮素利用率呈显著正相关;因此,较大的库容量可能有利于产量和氮素利用率的提高。我们进一步研究了高产氮高效型恢复系与低产氮低效型恢复系在养分向穗部转运方面的差异,发现与低产氮低效型恢复系相比,高产氮高效型恢复系在成熟期其穗部有更高的吸氮量和干物质量占比,在抽穗后有较高的单茎根系伤流强度和穗颈伤流强度,且其穗颈节和叶片维管束发达,有利于养分从根到地上部、从茎和叶到穗部的运输。因此,高产氮高效型恢复系的大库容量优势体现在养分在穗部的积累和分配较多,以及养分在运输通道上的畅通


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5. Regional distribution of wheat yield and chemical fertilizer requirements in China
XU Xin-peng, HE Ping, CHUAN Li-min, LIU Xiao-yan, LIU Ying-xia, ZHANG Jia-jia, HUANG Xiao-meng, QIU Shao-jun, ZHAO Shi-cheng, ZHOU Wei
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2021, 20 (10): 2772-2780.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(20)63338-X
摘要159)      PDF    收藏

量化当前作物的可获得产量和肥料需求可为评估粮食供应能力提供详细信息以及制定农业决策提供数据支持。本研究收集和汇总了从2000年到2015年中国小麦主产区的5408个田间试验,结合克里格插值和小麦养分专家支持决策系统,分析了小麦产量、土壤养分供应能力(采用相对产量表示,其定义为不施氮(N)、磷(P)或钾(K)肥处理的产量与氮磷钾肥全施处理的产量的比值)和氮、磷和钾肥需求的空间分布。结果表明,所有研究区域的小麦平均可获得产量为6.4 t ha−1,变异系数(CV)为24.9%。华北地区(NCC)和长江中下游地区(MLYR)北部的产量普遍高于7 t ha−1,而西南地区(SWC),东北地区(NEC)和西北地区(NWC)东部的小麦产量通常小于6 t ha−1。氮、磷和钾肥的相对产量大于0.70、0.85和0.85的分布面积分别占研究区域的52.3%、74.7%和95.9%。氮、磷和钾肥的需要量存在差异,其变异系数分别为24.8%、23.9%和29.9%。与其它地区相比,华北地区(NCC)和长江中下游地区(MLYR)北部需要更多的肥料。在所有研究区域中,平均的N、P2O5和K2O的需用量分别为162、72和57 kg ha−1。将可获得产量和肥料需求的空间差异纳入小麦生产实践,将有利于小麦可持续生产和环境安全。


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6. Construction of Salmonella Pullorum ghost by co-expression of lysis gene E and the antimicrobial peptide SMAP29 and evaluation of its immune efficacy in specific-pathogen-free chicks
TIAN Qiu-feng, ZHOU Wei, SI Wei, YI Fei, HUA Xin, YUE Min, CHEN Li-ping, LIU Si-guo, YU Shen-ye
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2018, 17 (01): 197-209.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(17)61696-4
摘要664)      PDF    收藏
In this study, a safety enhanced Salmonella Pullorum (S. Pullorum) ghost was constructed using an antimicrobial peptide gene, and evaluated for its potential as a Pullorum disease (PD) vaccine candidate.  The antimicrobial peptide SMAP29 was co-expressed with lysis gene E to generate S. Pullorum ghosts.  No viable bacteria were detectable either in the fermentation culture after induction of gene E- and SMAP29-mediated lysis for 24 h or in the lyophilized ghost products.  Specific-pathogen-free (SPF) chicks were intraperitoneally immunized with ghosts at day 7 of age and no mortality, clinical symptoms or signs of PD such as anorexia, depression and diarrhea were observed.  On challenge with a virulent S. Pullorum strain at 4 wk post-immunization, a comparatively higher level of protection was observed in the S. Pullorum ghost immunized chickens with a minimum of pathological lesions and bacterial loads compared to the birds in inactivated vaccine groups.  In addition, immunization with the S. Pullorum ghosts induced a potent systemic IgG response and was associated with significantly increased levels of cytokine IFN-γ and IL-4 and relative percentages of CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes.  Our results indicate that SMAP29 can be employed as a new secondary lethal protein to enhance the safety of bacterial ghosts, and to prepare a non-living bacterial vaccine candidate that can prevent PD in chickens.
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7. Physiological changes and expression characteristics of ZIP family genes under zinc deficiency in navel orange (Citrus sinensis)
XING Fei, FU Xing-zheng, WANG Nan-qi, XI Jian-long, HUANG Yi, ZHOU Wei, LING Li-li, PENG Liang-zhi
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2016, 15 (4): 803-811.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(15)61276-X
摘要2014)      PDF    收藏
Zinc (Zn) deficiency is widespread among citrus plants, but information about the mechanisms for Zn deficiency response in these plants is scarce. In the present study, different navel orange (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck) leaves with various yellowing levels were sampled in our experimental orchard, and upon estimation of nutrient contents, Zn deficiencies were diagnosed as mild, moderate, and severe. Further analysis of chlorophyll content, photosynthetic characteristics, antioxidant enzyme activities, and expression levels of Zn/Iron-regulated transporter-like protein (ZIP) family genes were conducted in the sampled Zn-deficient leaves. The results showed that chlorophyll contents and net photosynthetic rate (Pn) seemed to decrease with reduced Zn contents. In addition, comparison of severe Zn-deficient and normal leaves revealed that activities of peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) increased significantly, whereas that of Zn-containing enzymes such as Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (Cu/Zn-SOD) significantly reduced with decreasing Zn contents. As expected, expression of the ZIP family genes, ZIP1, ZIP3, and ZIP4, was induced by Zn deficiencies. These results deepen our understanding of Zn deficiency in citrus plants as well as provide useful preliminary information for further research.
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8. Classification and Net Primary Productivity of the Southern China’s Grasslands Ecosystem Based on Improved Comprehensive and Sequential Classification System (CSCS) Approach
SUN Zheng-guo, SUN Cheng-ming, ZHOU Wei, JU Wei-min , LI Jian-long
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2014, 13 (4): 893-903.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(13)60415-3
摘要1838)      PDF    收藏
This research classified vegetation types and evaluated net primary productivity (NPP) of southern China’s grasslands based on the improved comprehensive and sequential classification system (CSCS), and proposed 5 thermal grades and 6 humidity grades. Four classes of grasslands vegetation were recognized by improved CSCS, namely, tundra grassland class, typical grassland class, mixed grassland class and alpine grassland class. At the type level, 14 types of vegetations (9 grasslands and 5 forests) were classified. The NPP had a trend to decrease from east to west and south to north, and the annual mean NPP was estimated to be 656.3 g C m-2 yr-1. The NPP value of alpine grassland class was relatively high, generally more than 1 200 g C m-2 yr-1. The NPP value of mixed grassland class was in a range from 1 000 to 1 200 g C m-2 yr-1. Tundra grassland class was located in southeastern Tibet with high elevation, and its NPP value was the lowest (<600 g C m-2 yr-1). The typical grassland class distributed in most of the area, and its NPP value was generally from 600 to 1 000 g C m-2 yr-1. The total NPP value in the study area was 68.46 Tg C. The NPP value of typical grassland class was the highest (48.44 Tg C), and mixed grassland class was the second (16.54 Tg C), followed by alpine grassland class (3.22 Tg C), with tundra grassland class being the lowest (0.25 Tg C). For all the grasslands types, the total NPP of forest meadow was the highest (34.81 Tg C), followed by sparse forest brush (16.54 Tg C), and montane meadow was the lowest (0.01 Tg C).
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9. Soil Quality Assessment of Acid Sulfate Paddy Soils with Different Productivities in Guangdong Province, China
LIU Zhan-jun, ZHOU Wei, SHEN Jian-bo, LI Shu-tian, LIANG Guo-qing, WANG Xiu-bin, SUN Jing-wen , AI Chao
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2014, 13 (1): 177-186.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(13)60594-8
摘要1908)      PDF    收藏
Land conversion is considered an effective measure to ensure national food security in China, but little information is available on the quality of low productivity soils, in particular those in acid sulfate soil regions. In our study, acid sulfate paddy soils were divided into soils with high, medium and low levels based on local rice productivity, and 60 soil samples were collected for analysis. Twenty soil variables including physical, chemical and biochemical properties were determined. Those variables that were significantly different between the high, medium and low productivity soils were selected for principal component analysis, and microbial biomass carbon (MBC), total nitrogen (TN), available silicon (ASi), pH and available zinc (AZn) were retained in the minimum data set (MDS). After scoring the MDS variables, they were integrated to calculate a soil quality index (SQI), and the high, medium and low productivity paddy soils received mean SQI scores of 0.95, 0.83 and 0.60, respectively. Low productivity paddy soils showed worse soil quality, and a large discrepancy was observed between the low and high productivity paddy soils. Lower MBC, TN, ASi, pH and available K (AK) were considered as the primary limiting factors. Additionally, all the soil samples collected were rich in available P and AZn, but deficient in AK and ASi. The results suggest that soil AK and ASi deficiencies were the main limiting factors for all the studied acid sulfate paddy soil regions. The application of K and Si on a national basis and other sustainable management approaches are suggested to improve rice productivity, especially for low productivity paddy soils. Our results indicated that there is a large potential for increasing productivity and producing more cereals in acid sulfate paddy soil regions.
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