CONSTANS（CO）和CONSTANS-LIKE（COL）转录因子可以调节植物从营养生长到成花转变等一系列过程。然而，这些转录因子在调节果实叶绿素含量方面的研究相对较少。在本研究中，发现拟南芥CONSTANS（CO）的番茄直系同源基因SlCOL1在控制番茄果实叶绿素含量方面发挥着关键作用。抑制SlCOL1基因表达，番茄未成熟绿色果实中叶绿素含量显著降低。相反，过量表达SlCOL1基因，导致番茄未成熟绿色果实中叶绿素的含量显著升高。蛋白互作结果表明，SlCOL1与GOLDEN2-LIKE（GLK2）可以直接互作并形成复合物，促进GLK2蛋白的稳定性。在番茄glk2突变体中过量表达SlCOL1并不能改变未成熟绿色果实中的叶绿素的含量，这一结果表明，SlCOL1调节叶绿素含量的重要功能需要GLK2蛋白的存在。综上所述，这些结果为COL1和GLK2调节番茄果实发育和叶绿素积累的机制提供了新的见解。

近年来，越来越多的自然感染病例报道及动物攻毒实验证实猫科动物可以感染多种亚型的A型流感病毒。值得注意的是，某些亚型A型流感病毒在跨物种传播后可以在猫科动物中长期流行，甚至可以感染人类。这对公共卫生安全造成了潜在威胁。与A型流感病毒聚合酶活性相互作用的宿主因子是决定其感染宿主范围的关键因素，而ANP32蛋白是其中重要的一个宿主因子。但是，猫源ANP32蛋白对A型流感病毒聚合酶活性的调控作用及其对病毒感染宿主范围的潜在影响仍属未知领域。在本研究中，利用RT-PCR方法从家猫组织中共克隆了10个猫源ANP32剪接变异体，其中分别包括5个ANP32A、3个ANP32B及2个ANP32E变异体。测序及蛋白序列比对的结果表明部分猫源ANP32剪接变异体发生了氨基酸的缺失及/或插入。激光共聚焦实验的研究结果表明所有10个猫源ANP32剪接变异体都主要定位于细胞核。在本研究中，还建立了多个A型流感病毒代表性毒株的小基因组复制系统。利用该系统，评估了猫源ANP32蛋白对A型流感病毒聚合酶活性的调控作用。研究结果表明大部分猫源ANP32A及ANP32B蛋白都可以支持所检测的A型流感病毒的聚合酶活性，但是同一种ANP32蛋白对不同A型流感病毒毒株聚合酶活性的支持作用有所差别。此外，体外研究的结果证实了猫源ANP32蛋白可以支持H3N2犬流感病毒在细胞中复制。综上所述，本研究系统分析了猫源ANP32A蛋白对A型流感病毒聚合酶活性的调控作用，为研究猫科动物对A型流感病毒易感的分子机制提供了基础。

In order to establish grading standards of evaluation indices for sour flavor of apples, 10 indices of samples from 106 apple cultivars were tested, including: malic acid (Mal), oxalic acid (Oxa), citric acid (Cit), lactic acid (Lac), succinic acid (Suc), fumaric acid (Fum), total organic acids (ToA, the sum of the six organic acids tested), titratable acid (TiA), acidity value (AcV), and pH value.  For most of the cultivars studied (85.8%), the order of the organic acid contents in apples was Mal>Oxa>Cit>Lac>Suc>Fum.  Mal was the dominant organic acid, on average, accounting for 94.5% of ToA.  Among the 10 indices, the dispersion of pH value was the smallest with a coefficient of variation of only 8.2%, while the coefficients of variation of the other nine indices were larger, ranging between 31 and 66%.  There were significant linear relationships between Mal and two indices (ToA and AcV) as well as between ToA and AcV.  There were significant logarithmic relationships between pH value and four indices: Mal, TiA, ToA, and AcV.  All the equations had very high fitting accuracy and can be used to accurately predict related indices.  According to this study, Mal, ToA, and AcV of apple were normally distributed, TiA was close to normally distributed, whereas pH value had a skewed distribution.  Using the fitted normal distribution curves, the grading standards of Mal, TiA, ToA, and AcV were established.  The grading node values of pH value were obtained using the logarithmic relationship between pH value and Mal.  The grading standards of these five indices can be used to evaluate the sour flavor of apple.  This study provides a scientific basis for evaluating apple flavor and selecting apple cultivars.

The presence of pesticide residues in pears is a serious health concern. This study presents the results from a 2-year investigation (2013–2014) that used gas chromatography, GS/MS and UPLC/MS-MS to measure the levels of 104 pesticides in 310 pear samples. In 93.2% of the samples, 43 pesticides were detected, of which the maximum residue levels (MRLs) were exceeded in 2.6% of the samples. Multiple residues (two to eight compounds) were present in 69.7% of the samples; one sample contained nine pesticides and one sample contained 10. Only 6.8% of the samples did not contain residues. To assess the health risks, the pesticide residue data have been combined with daily pear consumption data for children and adult populations. A deterministic model was used to assess the chronic and acute exposures based on the Joint Meeting on Pesticide Residues (JMPR) method. A potential acute risk was demonstrated for children in the case of bifenthrin, which was found to be present at 105.36% of the acute reference dose (ARfD) value. The longterm exposure of the Chinese consumer to pesticide residues through the consumption of raw pears was far below the acceptable daily intake (ADI) criterion. Additionally, the matrix ranking scheme was used to classify risk subgroups of pesticides and pear samples. In general, 95.5% of samples were deemed to be safe and nine pesticides were classified as being of a relatively high risk. The findings indicated that the occurrence of pesticide residues in pears should not be considered a serious public health problem. Nevertheless, a more detailed study is required for vulnerable consumer groups, especially children. Continuous monitoring of pesticides in pears and tighter regulation of pesticide residue standards are recommended.

In recent years, the Chinese government has highlighted the importance of adopting hog safety/quality traceability, and a growing amount of research continues to entice firms to adopt traceability systems. In this study, a survey was conducted on a sample of pig slaughtering and processing firms in Zhejiang, China through personal interviews and emails. The aim of this study was to examine the determinants of firm behavior on the implementation of voluntary traceability systems with more stringent standards and controls than those of the mandatory system in China. The results revealed that motivation based on product quality improvement, capital ability and role perception (business type) had significantly positive relationships with a firm’s voluntary traceability. Other incentives, such as operation improvement, recall risk reduction, reduced occurrence of safety issues, and technical strength were not found to be supportive in our study. This study provides an opportunity to better understand the determinants of firm behavior on voluntary traceability, particularly in light of the fact that some Chinese firms are facing the threat of criminal action for the use of illegal additives and the abuse of Clenbuterol. Policy recommendations on encouraging the implementation of pork safety voluntary traceability by hog slaughtering and processing firms are also discussed.