深翻秸秆还田在我国东北地区已得到了广泛的应用，可以显著增加土壤有机碳储量，改善底层土壤养分循环功能。土壤微生物普遍被认为是这一过程的关键，但其在深层土壤改良中的作用仍研究有限。本研究于2018年开始，以东北地区棕壤为研究对象，以常规耕作（CT，翻耕深度15 cm）为对照，分析了秸秆浅混还田（SCT，翻耕深度15 cm）、深翻处理（IT，翻耕深度35 cm）和深翻秸秆还田（SIT，翻耕深度35 cm）对土壤微生物群落网络和多养分循环功能的影响。结果表明，深翻秸秆还田改善了土壤多养分循环指数，提高了表层和底层土壤有机碳、全氮、有效氮、有效磷和有效钾等养分含量。与传统耕作和秸秆浅混还田相比，深翻秸秆还田通过减少微生物网络平均连通度和节点数，增加平均路径长度和模块化程度，创造了一个结构相对松散但具有高集中度集群的网络结构。同时随机森林分析发现，平均路径长度和聚类系数是影响土壤多养分循环功能的主要因素。综上，深翻秸秆还田将是改善棕壤养分循环和微生物群落结构的一个有效措施，以上结果也为该地区关于微生物驱动秸秆分解策略提供了重要信息。

马铃薯块茎蛾又称烟草潜叶蛾，起源于中美洲和南美洲北部地区，现已分布在亚洲、欧洲、北美洲、非洲等100多个国家，是茄科作物的世界性农业害虫，尤其对马铃薯有毁灭性的危害。目前，该虫在我国南方马铃薯/烟草产区普遍发生，尤其是在云南、四川、贵州等地区该害虫发生极为严重。性诱技术在马铃薯块茎蛾的监测预警和绿色防控中具有较大的开发潜力，然而，马铃薯块茎蛾性信息素鉴定至今，尚未开发出系统有效的应用技术。本研究旨在从诱芯剂量、诱芯的介质和材料以及诱捕器应用密度和高度等因素入手，对马铃薯块茎蛾性诱剂的应用技术进行优化，从而提高性信息素对马铃薯块茎蛾监测预警及田间防控应用水平。实验结果表明由玉米油和红色PVC管组成的诱芯诱蛾量最高，可达到11.73±1.90/诱捕器/天；性信息素最优剂量为100微克, 高剂量的性信息素反而会抑制其诱捕效果；诱捕器的悬挂密度不会影响诱蛾量，建议应用密度为每亩地设置2–3个诱捕器；最优选的悬挂高度为不高于植物冠层的位置。本研究为开发性诱技术进行马铃薯块茎蛾的监测和防控提供了重要的参考依据。

Certain agricultural management practices are known to affect the soil microbial community structure; however, knowledge of the response of the fungal community structure to the long-term continuous cropping and rotation of soybean, maize and wheat in the same agroecosystem is limited.  We assessed the fungal abundance, composition and diversity among soybean rotation, maize rotation and wheat rotation systems and among long-term continuous cropping systems of soybean, maize and wheat as the effect of crop types on fungal community structure.  We compared these fungal parameters of same crop between long-term crop rotation and continuous cropping systems as the effect of cropping systems on fungal community structure.  The fungal abundance and composition were measured by quantitative real-time PCR and Illumina MiSeq sequencing.  The results revealed that long-term continuous soybean cropping increased the soil fungal abundance compared with soybean rotation, and the fungal abundance was decreased in long-term continuous maize cropping compared with maize rotation.  The long-term continuous soybean cropping also exhibited increased soil fungal diversity.  The variation in the fungal community structure among the three crops was greater than that between long-term continuous cropping and rotation cropping.  Mortierella, Guehomyces and Alternaria were the most important contributors to the dissimilarity of the fungal communities between the continuous cropping and rotation cropping of soybean, maize and wheat.  There were 11 potential pathogen and 11 potential biocontrol fungi identified, and the relative abundance of most of the potential pathogenic fungi increased during the long-term continuous cropping of all three crops.  The relative abundance of most biocontrol fungi increased in long-term continuous soybean cropping but decreased in long-term continuous maize and wheat cropping.  Our results indicate that the response of the soil fungal community structure to long-term continuous cropping varies based upon crop types.

The Italian wheat cv. Strampelli displays high resistance to powdery mildew caused by Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici. The objective of this study was to map quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for resistance to powdery mildew in a population of 249 F2:3 lines from Strampelli/Huixianhong. Adult plant powdery mildew tests were conducted over 2 yr in Beijing and 1 yr in Anyang and simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers were used for genotyping. QTLs Qpm.caas-3BS, Qpm.caas-5BL.1, and Qpm.caas-7DS were consistent across environments whereas, Qpm.caas-2BS.1 found in two environments, explained 0.4-1.6, 5.5-6.9, 27.1-34.5, and 1.0-3.5% of the phenotypic variation respectively. Qpm.caas-7DS corresponded to the genomic location of Pm38/Lr34/Yr18. Qpm.caas-4BL was identified in Anyang 2010 and Beijing 2011, accounting for 1.9-3.5% of phenotypic variation. Qpm.caas-2BS.1 and Qpm.caas-5BL.1 contributed by Strampelli and Qpm.caas-3BS by Huixianhong, seem to be new QTL for powdery mildew resistance. Qpm.caas-4BL, Qpm.caas-5BL.3, and Qpm.caas-7DS contributed by Strampelli appeared to be in the same genomic regions as those mapped previously for stripe rust resistance in the same population, indicating that these loci conferred resistance to both stripe rust and powdery mildew. Strampelli could be a valuable genetic resource for improving durable resistance to both powdery mildew and stripe rust in wheat.