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1. 外源氨基酸应用促进了盛花期棉铃蛋白质合成和碳水化合物转化从而提高了棉铃Bt蛋白浓度和皮棉产量
LIU Zhen-yu, LI Yi-yang, Leila. I. M. TAMBEL, LIU Yu-ting, DAI Yu-yang, XU Ze, LENG Xin-hua, ZHANG Xiang, CHEN De-hua, CHEN Yuan
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2023, 22 (6): 1684-1694.   DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2022.10.003
摘要198)      PDF    收藏

与其他器官相比,Bt转基因棉棉铃中杀虫蛋白含量最低。该文研究了盛花期喷施氨基酸对棉铃Bt蛋白浓度和产量形成的影响、相关的蛋白质合成和碳水化合物转化机制。2017-2018年棉花生长季节,以2个陆地棉品种(杂交种泗抗3号和常规种泗抗1号)为试验材料,设置三个处理(即CK,对照;LA1,组成Bt蛋白的5种主要氨基酸;LA2,21种氨基酸)于盛花期喷施棉铃。结果表明,棉铃Bt蛋白浓度提高5.2%-16.4%,籽棉产量提高5.5%-11.3%,2个氨基酸处理间没有差异。此外,由于氨基酸的应用,棉铃游离氨基酸和可溶性蛋白含量、谷氨酸丙酮酸转氨酶(GPT)和谷氨酸草酰乙酸转氨酶(GOT)活性、葡萄糖和果糖含量、可溶性酸性转化酶(SAI)活性均有所增加。同时发现,棉铃Bt蛋白含量、铃数增长量和铃重与碳氮代谢密切相关,Bt蛋白含量与游离氨基酸含量、可溶性蛋白含量呈显著以上水平线性正相关。花后15-25天,铃数增长量与GPT活性、GOT活性呈显著以上水平线性正相关。花后55-65日铃重与SAI活性呈显著以上水平线性正相关。这些结果表明,氨基酸的应用促进了棉铃蛋白质合成和碳水化合物转化,从而提高了棉铃Bt蛋白浓度和皮棉产量。

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2. Effects of plant density and mepiquat chloride application on cotton boll setting in wheat–cotton double cropping system
CHEN Yuan, LIU Zhen-yu, HENG Li, Leila I. M. TAMBEL, ZHANG Xiang, CHEN Yuan, CHEN De-hua
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2021, 20 (9): 2372-2381.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(20)63286-5
摘要118)      PDF    收藏

2013-2016年于扬州大学试验田,本试验对短季棉品种中棉所50(CRRI50)进行了密度(12.0、13.5和15.0株m-2)和缩节胺剂量(180、270和360 g ha-1)的组合处理。结果表明,在13.5株m-2和270g﹒ha-1 缩节胺处理下,单位面积铃数最多,棉铃日增量最高,90%以上的棉铃均出现在离地面高45-80cm范围内。综上所述,麦后直播棉种植模式下,适宜的缩节胺剂量配合高种植密度可促进集中成铃,使中、上冠层棉铃分布较多,并且不减产,从而克服目前移栽棉种植模式下用工多的问题


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3. High plant density increases seed Bt endotoxin content in Bt transgenic cotton
CHEN Yuan, LIU Zhen-yu, HENG Li, Leila I. M. TAMBEL, CHEN De-hua
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2021, 20 (7): 1796-1806.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(20)63232-4
摘要131)      PDF    收藏

在棉花生产中,种植密度是用来控制棉铃分布、成铃情况和产量的常用栽培方法。2015年和2016年在大田条件下,研究了5种种植密度(PD1-PD5:15000;30000;45000;60000和75000株·ha-1)对两个Bt棉品种泗抗1号(常规品种)和泗抗3号(杂交品种)Bt杀虫蛋白含量的影响。单株铃数、铃重、棉铃体积均随密度的增加而减少。当种植密度从15000株/hm2增加到75000株/hm2时,棉子中Bt杀虫蛋白含量增加,2015年花后40天SK-1和SK-3中Bt杀虫蛋白含量分别增加了66.5%和53.4%,2016年SK-1和SK-3分别提高了36.8%和38.6%。氮代谢结果分析表明,随着密度的增加,可溶性蛋白含量、谷氨酸丙酮酸转氨酶(GPT)和谷氨酸草酰乙酸转氨酶(GOT)活性增加,游离氨基酸含量、蛋白酶和肽酶活性降低。花后20天数据分析表明,棉子Bt杀虫蛋白含量与可溶性蛋白水平呈显著正相关,2015年在SK-1和SK-3中的相关系数分别为0.825**和0.926**,2016年在SK-1和SK-3中的相关系数分别为0.955**和0.965**。相比之下,棉子Bt杀虫蛋白水平与游离氨基酸含量呈显著负相关,2015年在SK-1和SK-3中的相关系数分别为-0.983**和-0.974**,2016年在SK-1和SK-3中的相关系数分别为-0.996**和-0.986**。为进一步证实Bt杀虫蛋白含量与氮代谢的关系,分析发现Bt杀虫蛋白含量与GPT和GOT活性呈正相关,与蛋白酶和肽酶活性呈负相关。综上所述,高种植密度增加了棉子Bt杀虫蛋白含量,该增加与单株铃数、铃重和铃体积的减少密切相关。此外,在高种植密度下,氮代谢的变化也有助于Bt杀虫蛋白含量的增加。


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4. Nitrogen spraying affects seed Bt toxin concentration and yield in Bt cotton
ZHANG Xiang, ZHOU Ming-yuan, LI Ya-bing, LIU Zhen-yu, CHEN Yuan, CHEN De-hua
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2021, 20 (5): 1229-1238.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(20)63243-9
摘要151)      PDF    收藏

在转Bt基因抗虫棉(Bt棉)所有器官中,棉铃中杀虫蛋白含量最低。这也影响了Bt棉高产的获得。本文主要探讨了喷施不同浓度氮素(尿素)对Bt棉棉子中杀虫蛋白含量和籽棉产量的影响及其相关的生理机制。2017-2018年以泗抗3号(杂交种)和泗抗1号(常规种)为材料,在棉铃形成期,喷施不同浓度尿素。2017年设置0%、2%、4%、6%、8%、10% 等6个浓度;2018年设置0%、1%、3%、5%、7%、9%等6个浓度。尿素浓度对Bt棉棉子中杀虫蛋白含量和最终籽棉产量均有明显影响,其中喷施5%-6%尿素处理可显著提高供试品种棉子中杀虫蛋白含量且籽棉产量最高。进一步分析表明,喷施5%-6%尿素处理下,泗抗3号和泗抗1号棉铃中游离氨基酸和可溶性蛋白含量、谷氨酸丙酮酸转氨酶(GPT)和谷氨酸草酰乙酸转氨酶(GOT)活性均较高,但肽酶和蛋白酶活性却显著降低。相关性分析表明,游离氨基酸含量、GPT活性与棉子中杀虫蛋白含量呈显著线性正相关关系。此外,喷施5%-6%尿素后,供试品种田间棉铃虫数量及蛀铃率均显著降低,这也为最终高产的获得奠定了基础。喷施外源氮素可显著影响Bt棉棉子中杀虫蛋白含量,进而提高其对棉铃虫的抗性。其中喷施5%-6%尿素效果最为明显。


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5. Reduced square Bacillus thuringiensis insecticidal protein content of transgenic cotton under N deficit
CHEN Yuan, LIU Zhen-yu, Leila I. M. TAMBEL, ZHANG Xiang, CHEN Yuan, CHEN De-hua
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2021, 20 (1): 100-108.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(20)63190-2
摘要134)      PDF    收藏

为了阐明减氮施肥对抗虫棉棉蕾中Bt杀虫蛋白含量的影响,在2015-2016棉花生长季,以常规种泗抗1号(SK-1)和杂交种泗抗3号(SK-3)为试验材料,分别进行了0、75、150、225、300 kg/公顷的施氮量处理。在不同施氮量处理下,随着施氮量从常规施氮量(300kg/公顷)降低到0 kg/公顷,单株蕾数、棉蕾体积和棉蕾干重均呈下降趋势,同时棉蕾Bt杀虫蛋白含量也相应下降。氮代谢分析结果表明,减氮条件下可溶性蛋白含量、GPT和GOT活性降低,游离氨基酸含量、肽酶和蛋白酶活性升高。相关性分析结果表明,缺氮条件下Bt蛋白含量的降低与氮代谢生理变化相关。综上所述,减氮条件下,棉蕾生长和棉蕾中Bt杀虫蛋白含量均呈下降趋势,因此在蕾期适当的施氮量在促进棉蕾生长的同时也可提高棉花抗虫性。在人间游历 爱是最壮观的迁徙。


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6. Identification of QTLs for seed storability in rice under natural aging conditions using two RILs with the same parent Shennong 265
DONG Xiao-yan, FAN Shu-xiu, LIU Jin, WANG Qi, LI Mei-rong, JIANG Xin, LIU Zhen-yu, YIN Ye-chao, WANG Jia-yu
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2017, 16 (05): 1084-1092.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(16)61579-4
摘要1222)      PDF    收藏
Seed storability (SS) is an important trait for agronomic production and germplasm preservation in rice (Oryza sativa L.).  Quantitative trait locus (QTL) for seed storability in three storage periods was identified using two sets of recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from the crosses with a common female parent Shennong 265 (SN265).  Ten QTLs for seed storability were detected on chromosomes 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, and 12 in SL-RILs (SN265/Lijiangxingtuanheigui (LTH)), and a total of 12 QTLs were identified on chromosomes 2, 3, 4, 6, 9, and 10 in SH-RILs (SN265/Luhui 99 (LH99)) in different storage periods.  Among these QTLs, five major QTLs were identified in more than one storage period.  The qSS3-1, qSS3-2, qSS12-1, and qSS12-2 were detected in SL-RILs.  Similarly, qSS2-2, qSS2-3, qSS6-2, qSS6-3, qSS6-4, qSS9-1, and qSS9-2 were detected in SH-RILs.  In addition, the maximum phenotypic variation was derived from the qSS6-1 and qSS9-2, explaining 53.58 and 29.09%, respectively, while qSS6-1 was a new stable QTL for seed storability.  These results provide an opportunity for pyramiding and map-based cloning major QTLs for seed storability in rice.
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7. Improving a method for evaluating alfalfa cultivar resistance to thrips
TU Xiong-bing, FAN Yao-li, JI Ming-shan, LIU Zhong-kuan, XIE Nan, LIU Zhen-yu, ZHANG Ze-hua
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2016, 15 (3): 600-607.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(15)61197-2
摘要1972)      PDF    收藏
The thrips quantity ratio (TQR) model is an important tool for evaluating crop resistance to thrips based on the correlation between thrips quantities and cultivars. Unfortunately, it is inaccurate, and the results appear significantly inconsistent when analysing the same cultivars in the same field study. To improve this model, we first studied the resistance of 28 alfalfa cultivars to thrips in Cangzhou, Hebei Province, north China. The results showed that the most suitable evaluation period was from May to June, as the thrips population was stable during this period. Second, we found that the natural enemy population was significantly positively correlated with the thrips population density (R=0.7275, P<0.0001), which might influence resistance estimation. Hence, we introduced a parameter ‘α’, corresponding to the natural enemy quantity ratio, to eliminate the effect of the natural enemy using “αTQR”. Using the improved method, 28 cultivars were clustered into three classes: the resistant class, sensitive class, and median class. All numerical values were calculated for αTQR displayed as a Gaussian distribution. This information showed that all data should be divided into nine groups using a median value of 1±0.1 with an equal difference of 0.1. Based on the new standard cultivars, Gongnong 1, Alfaking, Cangzhou and Algonquin were classified as highly resistant cultivars; Zhongmu 3, Gongnong 2, Zhongmu 1 and Zhongmu 2 were classified in the resistant group; Queen was classified in the moderately resistant group; Derby, WL354HQ, KRIMA, Apex, 53HR, SARDI 5 and Farmers Treasure were classified in the median class; WL319HQ, WL343HQ and Sitel were classified as the low sensitive group; WL440HQ and SARDI 7 as the moderately sensitive group; WL168HQ and Sanditi as the sensitive group; and SARDI 10, WL363HQ, FD4, WL323 and SOCA as the highly sensitive group.
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