从野生近缘种中发掘新的高分子量谷蛋白亚基（HMW-GS）是改良小麦加工品质的有效途径。本研究旨在鉴定一份小麦-粘果山羊草渐渗系N124的染色体组成，并评价其对小麦品质相关性状的影响。荧光原位杂交（FISH）核型分析表明，N124是一个1U^k(1A)二体代换系。十二烷基磺酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳（SDS-PAGE）和反相高效液相色谱（RP-HPLC）发现N124表达了两个源自粘果山羊草的HMW-GS。PacBio RNA测序和系统发育分析证实了这两个HMW-GS分别为U^kx和U^ky。与其小麦亲本相比，N124除穗粒数较少外，无明显农艺性状缺陷，同时多项主要品质指标均有提高，表明N124可作为小麦品质改良的桥梁材料加以利用。

本研究利用一个人工合成小麦与普通小麦品种构建的重组自交系，构建了一张包含28个FISH多态性标记和超过150000个单核苷酸多态性（single nucleotide polymorphism，SNP）标记的整合图谱。锚定在整合图谱的28个FISH标记中，20个FISH标记的共分离SNP标记推断的物理位置与原位杂交的物理位置一致。另外8个位置不一致的FISH标记是由亲本含有的易位染色体（1R/1B和1A/7A）或臂内倒位染色体（4A）所导致。9个在于中国春染色体上也具有杂交信号的FISH标记中，8个FISH标记的杂交信号位置与通过参考基因组序列锚定的物理位置一致，表明当前中国春参考基因组对重复序列的组装效果较好。因此，整合图谱对定位重复序列以及提高对基因组重复序列的组装精度方面具有一定利用价值。

Aegiliops tauschii is classified into two subspecies: Ae. tauschii ssp. tauschii and Ae. tauschii ssp. strangulata. Novel genetic variations exist in Ae. tauschii ssp. tauschii that can be utilized in wheat improvement. We synthesized a hexaploid wheat genotype (SHW-L1) by crossing an Ae. tauschii ssp. tauschii accession (AS60) with a tetraploid wheat genotype (AS2255). A population consisting of 171 F8 recombinant inbred lines was developed from SHW-L1 and Chuanmai 32 to identify QTLs associated with agronomic traits. A new genetic map with high density was constructed and used to detect the QTLs for heading date, kernel width, spike length, spikelet number, and thousand kernel weight. A total of 30 putative QTLs were identified for five investigated traits. Thirteen QTLs were located on D genomes of SHW-L1, six of them showed positive effect on agronomic traits. Chromosome region flanked by wPt-6133–wPt-8134 on 2D carried five environment-independent QTLs. Each QTL accounted for more than 10% phenotypic variance. These QTLs were highly consistent across environments and should be used in wheat breeding.