在中国半干旱地区，地膜覆盖已被广泛应用于提高玉米产量。然而，长期地膜覆盖是否有利于该地区的农业可持续性仍存在争议。从2013年开始，采用不同的地膜覆盖方法进行了田间试验，包括对照：传统裸地平作（CK）、半膜平覆盖（P）、窄沟垄膜集雨（S）、全膜双垄沟（D）和沟垄根域集雨（R），以评价连续9年地膜覆盖对土壤有机碳（SOC）含量、储量、组分和碳库管理指数（CMI）的影响。结果表明，长期地膜覆盖总体而言维持了初始SOC水平。与不覆盖相比，地膜覆盖平均使作物产量、生物量产量和根系生物量分别提高了48.38%、35.06和37.32%，从而提高了土壤有机碳固存。具体而言，地膜覆盖显著改善了CMI，平均增加了13.59%的SOC含量、7.47%的SOC储量和13.78%的易氧化有机碳（EOC）含量，但降低了其他不稳定组分。通过改变地膜覆盖方式，提高了土壤有机碳的固存和CMI，其中S处理效果最好，可作为半干旱地区农业可持续发展的合理地膜覆盖方式。

由稻瘟病菌引起的稻瘟病，是一种制约世界水稻生产的真菌病害。长期的生产实践表明，将持久广谱的抗性基因导入高产水稻品种，是防治该病害的首选。位于第11号染色体上的抗瘟基因 Pik 基因座，至少含有 Pi-1、Pik-h、Pi-k、Pik-m、Pik-s和Pik-p等6个重要的抗病基因；但由于当前缺乏适用的分子标记，限制了该基因座功能基因在抗病育种中的广泛应用。为了更好地在分子育种中利用该基因座的功能基因，开发Pik 基因座功能基因的特异性标记并用其分型种质资源具有重要意义。基于此，本研究通过对Pi-1、Pik-h、Pi-k、Pik-m、Pik-s、Pik-p等功能基因和非功能基因位点之间的序列广泛比较，获得了一个在这些功能基因启动子区-1015-bp处Pik-p缺失19-bp和一个在这些功能基因末端+6816-bp处Pi-1插入11-bp的的多态性位点，并据此分别开发出两个能精确区分出Pik-p、Pi-1和K型功能等位位点的Pikp-Del和Pi1-In标记；进一步通过结合稻瘟病菌室内接种和已有的dCAPS标记Pi1FNP和dCAPS-795鉴定，对这两个标记鉴定结果的准确性进行了评价。结果显示，我们鉴定的基因型与稻瘟病人工接种抗性表现和两个dCAPS标记的鉴定的结果完全一致。另外，我们还利用Pikp-Del和Pi1-In标记对531份水稻品种和育种材料进行了基因分型，结果表明，5份材料含有Pik-p基因，8份材料含有Pi-1基因，说明这两个基因在我国水稻稻瘟病抗性育种中还没有被充分利用；另外还有256份携带K型等位基因，这些材料可作为抗稻瘟病育种的种质资源。综上，Pikp-Del和Pi1-In标记可以实现对Pik-p、Pi-1和K型功能等位基因的精准检测，结合标记分型的种质资源，将会加速Pik-p 和Pi-1以及Pik 基因座的其它功能基因在抗病育种中的应用。

Polyimide (PI) is a type of important membrane material. A soluble polymer was synthesized from 4,4´-(hexafluoroisopropylidene) diphthalic anhydride (6FDA) and 2,2-bis[4-(4-aminophenoxy) phenyl] hexafluoropropane (BDAF) by the two-step polymerization method. The polymer was proved to be polyimide 6FDA-BDAF by the Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), the 1H-NMR and 19F-NMR spectra. An asymmetric membrane was prepared with the synthesized polyimide 6FDA-BDAF, it was porous in the 50 μm height bulk and dense in a 3–5 μm height surface. The membrane was used to separate n-heptane/ thiophene mixtures by pervaporation with sulfur (S) contents from 50 to 900 μg g–1. The total flux was enlarged from 7.96 to 37.61 kg m–2 h–1 with temperature increasing from 50 to 90°C. The membrane’s enrichments factor for thiophene were about 3.13 and dependent on the experimental conditions. The experimental results demonstrated that polyimide 6FDA-BDAF would be a potential membrane material for desulfurization and controlled release of the S-containing fertilizer.

The long-lasting application of representative herbicide atrazine (ATR) has given rise to the accumulation of its residues in the groundwater. To investigate the impact of long-term ATR use on groundwater safety, the residues of ATR and its metabolites, desethylatrazine (DEA), deisopropylatrazine (DIA) and hydroxyatrazine (HA) were monitored in groundwater and top soil at the major corn growing region of Qian’an and Gongzhuling in Jilin Province, China. The residues of the target compounds were analyzed by UPLC-MS/MS. The limits of detection (LODs) of ATR, DEA, DIA, and HA were 0.5, 0.5, 5, and 0.5 ng L-1 in groundwater and 0.33, 0.33, 3.3, and 0.33 μg kg-1 in soil. The target compounds were found in 94% of groundwater samples and 100% of soil samples. The compounds detected most frequently in groundwater were ATR (89%), DEA (64%) and HA (17%), whereas in soil were ATR (97%), DEA (36%) and HA (97%). DIA was not detected in any determined groundwater and soil sample. Average residues were 106.8 ng L-1 for ATR, 0.9 ng L-1 for DEA and 0.3 ng L-1 for HA in groundwater, whereas 11.1 μg kg-1 for ATR, 0.4 μg kg-1 for DEA and 7.8 μg kg-1 for HA in soil. ATR residues detected in groundwater samples were below standards for drinking water quality (GB5749-2006, 2 μg L-1), while the total residues of ATR and its chloro-s-triazine metabolites (DEA and DIA) were below current WHO (World Health Organization) guideline value (GV, 0.1 mg L-1). In addition, concentrations of HA in groundwater were determined below current WHO GV (0.2 mg L-1). The results indicated that ATR is safe to be used in Jilin Province under the current application scheme. However, total residues of ATR and DEA were detected in nearly all wells, thus, it is necessary to pay attention on groundwater monitoring for ATR and its metabolites.