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1. Root characteristics and yield of rice as affected by the cultivation pattern of strong seedlings with increased planting density and reduced nitrogen application
GUAN Xian-jiao, CHEN Jin, CHEN Xian-mao, XIE Jiang, DENG Guo-qiang, HU Li-zhen, LI Yao, QIAN Yin-fei, QIU Cai-fei, PENG Chun-rui
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2022, 21 (5): 1278-1289.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(20)63595-X
摘要168)      PDF    收藏

针对双季稻高产栽培中存在氮肥用量大的问题,研究了壮秧增密减氮栽培模式对双季稻根系形态生理特性和产量的影响。结果表明,壮秧增密减氮栽培模式对双季稻单株根系形态特征的影响不显著,但对群体根系形态特征的影响显著,显著提高了群体根系鲜重、根体积、根数、根长和根干重。壮秧增密减氮栽培模式对单株根系总吸收面积和根系活性吸收面积的影响也不显著,但在分蘖期、抽穗期和成熟期显著提高了水稻群体根系总吸收面积和根系活性吸收面积。而且,壮秧增密减氮栽培模式显著增加了抽穗期水稻根系伤流强度以及伤流液中可溶性糖含量和游离氨基酸含量。与传统栽培模式(CK)相比,壮秧增密减氮栽培模式下的早稻和晚稻抽穗期根系伤流强度分别比对照高4.37%和8.90%,伤流液中可溶性糖含量分别比对照高12.85%和10.41%,游离氨基酸含量分别比对照高43.25%和37.50%。此外,由于有效穗数和结实率的提高,壮秧增密减氮栽培模式下的双季稻实际产量有所提高,2016年和2017年双季早稻实际产量分别比对照提高9.37%和5.98%,2016年和2017年双季晚稻实际产量分别比对照提高0.20%和1.41%。相关分析表明,不同生育期的大部分根系特征指标与实际产量呈显著(P<0.05)或极显著(P<0.01)正相关。


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2. Polypropylene crisper and 1-MCP delay the softening, lignification and transcription levels of related enzyme genes of golden needle mushrooms (Flammulina velutipes)
WANG Wen-jun, LI Yao, LI Fu-hua, ZENG Kai-fang, MING Jian
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2022, 21 (1): 249-260.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(21)63764-4
摘要142)      PDF    收藏

采后新鲜金针菇孢含水量高,质地脆嫩,仍具有较高的生理活性和呼吸作用,从而极易发生衰老和品质劣化。本研究使用1-甲基环丙烯(1-MCP)和聚丙烯(PP)保鲜盒处理金针菇,分析了金针菇在贮藏过程中木质化和软化的变化情况。主要研究结果如下:PP保鲜盒包装能有效地延长金针菇的贮藏时间;1-MCP处理、PP保鲜盒包装及两种处理组合均能显著抑制木质素的积累,并降低纤维素、果胶含量,对木质化及软化相关酶(苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)、肉桂醇脱氢酶(CAD)、纤维素酶(Cx)、果胶甲基酯酶(PME)和聚半乳糖醛酸(PG)活性有一定的抑制作用。其中,PP保鲜盒包装的抑制效果高于1-MCP处理,且两种处理组合效果最好。透射电镜(TEM)和扫描电镜(SEM)结果表明,PP保鲜盒包装和1-MCP处理相结合能有效地保持金针菇细胞结构的完整性和稳定性,防止质膜分离及细胞膜破裂。转录水平分析结果表明,PP保鲜盒包装和1-MCP处理相结合,能明显影响金针菇木质化和软化相关酶基因的表达。综上,1-MCPPP保鲜盒包装可以有效的延缓金针菇在贮藏过程中的木质化和软化现象,延长贮藏期。

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3. Effects of a novel mesoionic insecticide, triflumezopyrim, on the feeding behavior of rice planthoppers, Nilaparvata lugens and Sogatella furcifera (Hemiptera: Delphacidae)
ZHU Jun, SUN Wen-qing, LI Yao, GE Lin-quan, YANG Guo-qing, XU Jian-xiang, LIU Fang
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2020, 19 (10): 2488-2449.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(20)63197-5
摘要149)      PDF    收藏
The rice planthoppers, Nilaparvata lugens and Sogatella furcifera, are important sap-sucking pests of rice in Asia.  The mesoionic insecticide triflumezopyrim was previously shown to be highly effective in controlling both N. lugens and S. furcifera.  In this study, electropenetrography (EPG) was used to evaluate the effect of three triflumezopyrim concentrations (LC10, LC50 and LC90) on the feeding behavior of N. lugens and S. furcifera.  EPG signals of planthoppes indicated that there were six different waveforms NP, N1, N2, N3, N4, and N5, which corresponded to non-penetration, stylet penetration into epidermis, salivation, extracellular movement of stylet, sap ingestion in phloem, and water ingestion in xylem during feeding.  Compared to untreated controls, triflumezopyrim at LC50 and LC90 prolonged the duration of the non-penetration period by 105.3 to 333.7%.  The probing frequencies of N. lugens exposed to triflumezopyrim at LC10 and LC50 were significantly increased; however, the probing frequencies of S. furcifera showed a significant decrease when exposed to triflumezopyrim at all concentrations.  Triflumezopyrim exposure prolonged the duration of salivation and shortened the duration of extracellular movement.  The duration of phloem sap ingestion decreased from 37.2 to 77.7% in the LC50 and LC90 treatments, respectively.  Differences in feeding behavior in response to triflumezopyrim and pymetrozine were minimal.  In summary, the results show that the LC50 and LC90 concentrations of triflumezopyrim inhibit the feeding activities of N. lugens and S. furcifera mainly by prolonging the duration of non-penetration and by shortening the duration of phloem sap ingestion, which may foster more efficient use of triflumezopyrim in Asia.
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4. Identification and characterization of a TLR13 gene homologue from Laodelphax striatellus involved in the immune response induced by rice stripe virus
ZHOU Xue, HU Jia, FU Mei-li, JIN Ping, ZHANG Yun-ye, XIANG Ying, LI Yao, MA Fei
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2020, 19 (1): 183-192.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(19)62795-4
摘要200)      PDF    收藏
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are the critical superfamily homologues that initiate sensing of the invasion of pathogens by the Toll pathway.  As one of several intracellular nucleic acid-sensing TLRs, TLR13 is activated by an unmethylated motif present in the large ribosomal subunit of bacterial RNA.  However, little attention has been paid to the function of TLR13 gene homologue from Laodelphax striatellus (designated as LsToll-13) in the immune response to rice stripe virus (RSV).  Herein, LsToll-13 was cloned and characterized using RACE-PCR.  Phylogenetic analysis showed that LsToll-13 was clustered with the TLR13 from six insects.  Real-time PCR analysis demonstrated that the expression level of LsToll-13 was significantly reduced in L.?striatellus with RSV infection compared with that in the naive strain.  When the expression of LsToll-13 was significantly up-regulated at 6 h after bacterial infection, the expression of ribonucleoprotein (RNP) indicated that the RSV titer in the host insect was significantly suppressed.  Upon knockdown of LsToll-13, using RNA interference (RNAi) in L.?striatellus, the expression level of RNP was significantly increased with enhanced RSV accumulation, suggesting that LsToll-13 potentially protects L.?striatellus from RSV infection.  Taken together, our results indicated that LsToll-13 might be involved in the immune response of L.?striatellus to RSV infection, and provided a new insight into further elucidating the molecular mechanisms of complex pathogen-host interactions and integrative pest management.
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5. Selectivity and sublethal effects of some frequently-used biopesticides on the predator Cyrtorhinus lividipennis Reuter (Hemiptera: Miridae)
DAI Wei, LI Yao, ZHU Jun, GE Lin-quan, YANG Guo-qing, LIU Fang
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2019, 18 (1): 124-133.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(17)61845-8
摘要319)      PDF(pc) (783KB)(226)    收藏

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6. Amplification and function analysis of N6-adenine-specific DNA methyltransferase gene in Nilaparvata lugens
ZHANG Jiao, XING Yan-ru, HOU Bo-feng, YUAN Zhu-ting, LI Yao, JIE Wen-cai, SUN Yang, LI Fei
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2016, 15 (3): 591-599.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(15)61180-7
摘要1942)      PDF    收藏
Methylation of the N6 position of adenine, termed N6-methyladenine, protects DNA from restriction endonucleases via the host-specific restriction-modification system. N6-methyladenine was discovered and has been well studied in bacteria. N6-adenine-specific DNA methyltransferase (N6AMT) is the main enzyme catalyzing the methylation of the adenine base and knowledge of this enzyme was mainly derived from work in prokaryotic models. However, large-scale gene discovery at the genome level in many model organisms indicated that the N6AMT gene also exists in eukaryotes, such as humans, mice, fruit flies and plants. Here, we cloned a N6AMT gene from Nilaparvata lugens (Nlu-N6AMT) and amplified its fulllength transcript. Then, we carried out a systematic investigation of N6AMT in 33 publically available insect genomes, indicating that all studied insects had N6AMT. Genomic structure analysis showed that insect N6AMT has short introns compared with the mammalian homologs. Domain and phylogenetic analysis indicated that insect N6AMT had a conserved N6-adenineMlase domain that is specific to catalyze the adenine methylation. Nlu-N6AMT was highly expressed in the adult female. We knocked down Nlu-N6AMT by feeding dsRNA from the second instar nymph to adult female, inducing retard development of adult female. In all, we provide the first genome-wide analysis of N6AMT in insects and presented the experimental evidence that N6AMT might have important functions in reproductive development and ovary maturation.
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7. Transient Expression of Exogenous Gene into Plant Cell Mediated by PEI Nanovector
LI Ying, CUI Hai-xin, SONG Yu, LI Yao, HUANG Jin-li
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2011, 10 (6): 820-826.   DOI: 10.1016/S1671-2927(11)60067-9
摘要3406)      PDF    收藏
This study was carried out to investigate the transfection effect of exogenous gene into plant protoplast cell mediated by polyethylenimine (PEI) nanovector, based on PEI gene delivery system in the field of medical science. PEI/DNA complexes were prepared by using PEI polymer to bind the plant expression plasmid, pCMl205-GFPn. The ability of PEI combining and protecting DNA was investigated by agarose gel electrophoresis retardation assay. The surface characteristics of PEI/DNA complexes were observed with transmission electron microscope. The transfection efficiency of Arabidopsis thaliana protoplasts mediated by PEI/DNA complexes at different N/P ratios was analyzed based on observation of transient expression of green fluorescent protein with confocal laser scanning microscope. PEI could bind and condense DNA, and form stable 100-200 nm PEI/DNA complexes when the proportion of PEl and DNA is in the range of 5:1-1:4. Transfection efficiency of PEI/DNA complexes increased with N/P ratios in range of N/P<5 and reached the highest at N/P=5, and began to decrease beyond N/P>5 as higher toxicity to cells. The transfection efficiency of PEI/DNA complexes at N/P=5 was higher than PEG. This study confirmed that PEI nanovector could effectively mediate foreign gene entering into A. thaliana protoplast cell to obtain transient expression, which may be developed as a hopeful and novel transgenic method combined with plant protoplast regeneration.
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