小麦（Triticum aestivum L.）是世界上最重要的粮食作物之一。生长素在调节植物生长发育中起关键作用。迄今为止，在小麦中几乎没有生长素相关基因被遗传证明参与小麦株型的调控。在这项研究中，我们克隆了小麦中生长素相关基因TaIAA15s，水稻中的异位表达TaIAA15-3B基因降低了水稻的株高，增加了叶夹角。小麦多样性群体相关性分析表明，TaIAA15-3B基因与小麦的株高（Ph），穗长（SL）和千粒重（TGW）相关；TaIAA15-3B的Hap-II单倍型是优异等位基因，在现代育种TaIAA15-3B的Hap-II单倍型被选择。这项研究揭示了生长素信号传导在小麦植物结构以及产量相关性状上的作用。

Heading date was an important trait that decided the adaptation of wheat to environments. It was modified by genes involved in vernalization response, photoperiod response and development rate. In this study, four loci Xgwm261, Xgwm219, Xbarc23 and Ppd-D1 which were previously reported related to heading time were analyzed based on three groups of wheat including landraces (L), varieties bred before 1983 (B82) and after 1983 (A83) collected from Chinese wheat growing areas. Generally, heading date of landrace was longer than that of varieties. Significant differences in the heading time existed within the groups, which implied that diversification selection was much helpful for adaptation in each wheat zone. Photoperiod insensitive allele Ppd-D1a was the first choice for both landrace and modern varieties, which promoted the heading date about four days earlier than that of sensitive allele Ppd-D1b. The three SSR loci had different characters in the three groups. Predominant allele combination for each zone was predicted for wheat group L and A83, which made great contribution to advantageous traits. Xgwm219 was found to be significantly associated with heading date in Yellow and Huai River Winter Wheat Zone (Zone II) and spike length in Middle and lower Yangtze Valley Winter Wheat Zone (Zone III), which implied functional diversification for adaption. Variation for earliness genes provided here will be helpful for whet breeding in future climatic change.