Journal of Integrative Agriculture ›› 2021, Vol. 20 ›› Issue (12): 3312-3321.DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(20)63446-3

所属专题： 农业生态环境-土壤微生物合辑Agro-ecosystem & Environment—Soil microbe

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  • 收稿日期:2020-07-03 出版日期:2021-12-01 发布日期:2021-10-20

Fertility and biochemical activity in sodic soils 17 years after reclamation with flue gas desulfurization gypsum

ZHAO Yong-gan1, 2, 3, WANG Shu-juan1, 2, 3, LIU Jia2, 4, ZHUO Yu-qun1, 2, 3, LI Yan1, 2, 3, ZHANG Wen-chao1, 2, 3
  

  1. 1 Department of Energy and Power Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P.R.China
    2 Beijing Engineering Research Center for Ecological Restoration and Carbon Fixation of Saline-Alkaline and Desert Land, Beijing 100084, P.R.China
    3 Shanxi Research Institute for Clean Energy, Tsinghua University, Taiyuan 030032, P.R.China
    4 Tsinghua Agriculture Co., Ltd., Beijing 100084, P.R.China
  • Received:2020-07-03 Online:2021-12-01 Published:2021-10-20
  • Contact: Correspondence WANG Shu-juan, Tel: +86-10-62795028, E-mail: wangshuj@tsinghua.edu.cn
  • About author:ZHAO Yong-gan, E-mail: zhaoyonggan@tsinghua.edu.cn;
  • Supported by:
    This research was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2018YFE0207202 and 2016YFC0501306).

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摘要：

以往关于脱硫石膏改良盐碱土壤的效果研究，大多评测其对土壤理化性质的影响。然而，脱硫石膏对土壤微生物指标的影响研究鲜见报道，尤其是在其施用多年之后。为探究脱硫石膏改良盐碱土壤的长期效应，在内蒙古托克托县采集了轻度、中度和重度(碱化度分别为6.1-20%、20-30%和30-78.4%)3种碱化区施用脱硫石膏17年后的剖面(0-40 cm)土样，分析了土壤有机碳、养分、微生物量和酶活性的变化情况。结果表明：与对照(不施用脱硫石膏)处理相比，3种碱化区施用脱硫石膏处理0-20 cm和20-40 cm土壤有机碳含量平均值分别增加了18%和35%，0-20 cm土壤速效钾含量平均值增加了51%，20-40 cm土壤微生物量碳和微生物量氮含量平均值也分别增加了69%和194%。除了重度碱化区外，脱硫石膏处理0-40 cm土壤脲酶活性显著高于对照处理。此外，脱硫石膏处理显著提高了3种碱化区20-40 cm土壤碱性磷酸酶活性，但其对0-20 cm土壤过氧化氢酶和蔗糖酶活性的作用效果参差不齐。皮尔逊相关分析结果显示，土壤肥力和生物活性的提高归功于脱硫石膏施用后降低了土壤电导率、pH和碱化度。由此可见，施用脱硫石膏对土壤肥力和生物活性有积极的影响，有助于土壤生态系统的可持续发展，是一种切实可行的碱土改良方法。


Abstract:

Previous studies have mainly focused on changes in soil physical and chemical properties to evaluate the reclamation of sodic soils using flue gas desulfurization (FGD) gypsum.  However, information on the effects of this reclamation method on microbial-based indicators of soil quality is limited, particularly after many years of FGD gypsum application.  This study aimed to investigate the long-term effects of FGD gypsum on soil organic carbon (SOC), nutrients, microbial biomass and enzyme activity.  Data were collected from soils of three exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) classes (i.e., low-, middle- and high-ESP classes of 6.1–20, 20–30 and 30–78.4%, respectively) 17 years after FGD gypsum treatment in Inner Mongolia, China.  Averaged across the three ESP classes, FGD gypsum application increased the SOC contents at the 0–20 and 20–40-cm soil depths by 18 and 35%, respectively, and increased available potassium at the 0–20-cm soil depth by 51% compared with the no-gypsum controls.  The microbial biomass carbon and microbial biomass nitrogen contents at the 20–40-cm soil depth increased by 69 and 194%, respectively, under FGD gypsum.  Except in the high-ESP class, urease activities in the 0–40 cm soil profile were significantly higher in the FGD gypsum treatments than in the controls.  A significant increase in alkaline phosphatase activity was concentrated in the 20–40 cm soil layer; few classes showed significant increases in catalase and invertase activities in the 0–20 cm soil layer.  Pearson correlation analysis showed that increases in soil fertility and biological activity could be attributed to reductions in electrical conductivity, pH and ESP caused by FGD gypsum application.  These results confirm that FGD gypsum application is a viable strategy for reclaiming sodic soils due to its positive effects on soil fertility and biochemistry and that it may contribute to soil ecosystem sustainability.
 

Key words: gypsum ,  organic carbon ,  nutrient pools ,  microbial biomass ,  enzyme activity