JIA-2021-0331 高日产机插中籼杂交稻生长及产量特征研究

doi:10.1016/j.jia.2022.07.030

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

该研究以西南地区近年来审定的20个杂交籼稻品种为主要研究对象，以日产量为聚类指标将20个水稻品种分类为高日产、中日产和低日产3个类型，并进一步分析不同日产量类型水稻生育进程、分蘖成穗、干物质积累转运及产量构成的差异。较低日产类型水稻，高日产类型水稻生育期缩短5-6d，分蘖发生速率则提高了13.33-16.13%。从干物质积累转运特性来看，高日产类型水稻拔节前干物质积累速率、积累量和比例显著低于中日产类型水稻，但其拔节-齐穗和齐穗-成熟阶段干物质积累速率均明显高于中日产和低日产类型水稻，从而提高了成熟期生物量。尽管，高日产类型水稻千粒重不及中日产和低日产类型水稻，但其每穗颖花数显著提高，加之结实率高，齐穗后穗部干物质积累量和营养器官干物质转运量大，最终使其产量较中日产和低日产类型显著提高了6.51–23.16%。综合来看，高日产类型机插杂交籼稻具有分蘖发生快，每穗颖花数高，拔节后生长速率快，齐穗期茎鞘干物质分配比例高的特征。

Abstract: High-yield rice varieties with a suitable growth duration are required for mechanical transplanting in multiple cropping systems. Daily yield is an appropriate criterion for the selection of machine-transplanted rice varieties. The aim of this study was to investigate the growth characteristics and grain production in machine-transplanted medium indica hybrid rice with a high daily yield. We conducted a field experiment on 20 medium indica hybrid rice varieties in 2017 and 2018. Grain yield decreased significantly with growth duration between jointing and heading, but it increased with dry matter accumulation, growth rate between jointing and heading, dry matter partitioning to the stem plus sheath at heading, daily yield, and number of spikelets per panicle. Compared with the medium and low daily yield variety types, the high daily yield variety type increased shoot biomass by improving crop growth rate and dry matter accumulation amount between jointing and heading and after heading. The high daily yield variety type decreased the growth duration pre-heading and the proportions of dry matter partitioned to the leaf lamina at heading and maturity, but it also increased the post-heading accumulated dry matter in the grain and the remobilization of dry matter stored in the vegetative organs. Furthermore, the high daily yield variety type significantly increased the occurrence rate of tillers, which is beneficial for the formation of a larger panicle size and an increase in the grain-filling rate. These changes contributed to a 6.51–23.16% relative increase in grain yield of the high daily yield variety type. In conclusion, the selection of high daily yield indica hybrid rice varieties with shorter pre-heading growth duration, greater tiller occurrence rate and spikelet numbers per panicle, higher post-jointing growth rates and stem plus sheath dry matter accumulation at heading is suitable for machine-transplanted rice.

Key words: daily yield , dry matter production , grain yield , machine-transplanted rice

. JIA-2021-0331 高日产机插中籼杂交稻生长及产量特征研究[J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2022, 21(9): 2547-2558.

DENG Fei, HE Lian-hua, CHEN Duo, ZHANG Chi, TIAN Qing-lan, WU Zhen-yuan, LI Qiu-ping, ZENG Yu-ling, ZHONG Xiao-yuan, CHEN Hong, WANG Li, REN Wan-jun. Growth characteristics and grain yield of machine-transplanted medium indica hybrid rice with high daily yield[J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2022, 21(9): 2547-2558.

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