两种旱地种植模式下土壤有效碳、氮和功能基因对N2O排放的调控潜力

doi:10.1016/j.jia.2024.01.005

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

水稻栽培过程中，受土壤氧化还原条件动态影响的硝化和反硝化过程在调控土壤N₂O排放中起着重要作用，因此比较不同旱地-水稻种植制度对土壤N₂O排放的影响是十分必要的。本研究以我国中部地区油菜-水稻(RR)和小麦-水稻(WR)两种具有代表性的轮作系统为研究对象，旨在探究旱地作物种植对调控土壤N₂O排放的生物和非生物过程的影响。结果表明:油菜轮作模式第一、二季油菜季N₂O平均排放量分别为1.24 ± 0.20和0.81 ± 0.11 kg N ha^-1，这些排放值与WR轮作系统第一、第二季小麦季N₂O排放量相当(分别为0.98 ± 0.25和0.70 ± 0.04 kg N ha^-1)。这表明旱地耕作对土壤N₂O排放的影响不大。在RR和WR轮作系统中，N₂O通量与土壤铵态氮(NH₄⁺)、硝态氮(NO₃^-)、微生物量氮(MBN)和土壤溶解有机碳(DOC)/NO₃-之比呈显著正相关。此外，AOA-amoA和nirK基因的分别与RR和WR模式土壤N₂O排放通量呈正相关。这表明这些功能基因在促进不同旱地种植模式下微生物活动产生N₂O方面可能具有不同的影响。利用结构方程模型(SEM)分析发现，对于RR模式，土壤水分、矿质氮、MBN和AOA-amoA基因对土壤N₂O排放的影响贡献50%以上。而在WR轮作系统中，土壤水分、矿质氮、MBN、AOA-amoA和nirK基因对N₂O排放的综合影响超过70%。以上结果表明，旱地-水稻轮作模式下，土壤因子(包括土壤物理特性、有效碳氮及其比值)和功能基因对旱地土壤N₂O排放具有交互作用。因此，在制定农田减排N₂O措施中，因关注土壤因子和微生物特性。

Abstract:

Dynamic nitrification and denitrification processes are affected by changes in soil redox conditions, and they play a vital role in regulating soil N₂O emissions in rice-based cultivation. It is imperative to understand the influences of different upland crop planting systems on soil N₂O emissions. In this study, we focused on two representative rotation systems in Central China: rapeseed–rice (RR) and wheat–rice (WR). We examined the biotic and abiotic processes underlying the impacts of these upland plantings on soil N₂O emissions. The results revealed that during the rapeseed-cultivated seasons in the RR rotation system, the average N₂O emissions were 1.24±0.20 and 0.81±0.11 kg N ha^–1 for the first and second seasons, respectively. These values were comparable to the N₂O emissions observed during the first and second wheat-cultivated seasons in the WR rotation system (0.98±0.25 and 0.70±0.04 kg N ha^–1, respectively). This suggests that upland cultivation has minimal impacts on soil N₂O emissions in the two rotation systems. Strong positive correlations were found between N₂O fluxes and soil ammonium (NH₄⁺), nitrate (NO₃^–), microbial biomass nitrogen (MBN), and the ratio of soil dissolved organic carbon (DOC) to NO₃^– in both RR and WR rotation systems. Moreover, the presence of the AOA-amoA and nirK genes were positively associated with soil N₂O fluxes in the RR and WR systems, respectively. This implies that these genes may have different potential roles in facilitating microbial N₂O production in various upland plantation models. By using a structural equation model, we found that soil moisture, mineral N, MBN, and the AOA-amoA gene accounted for over 50% of the effects on N₂O emissions in the RR rotation system. In the WR rotation system, soil moisture, mineral N, MBN, and the AOA-amoA and nirK genes had a combined impact of over 70% on N₂O emissions. These findings demonstrate the interactive effects of functional genes and soil factors, including soil physical characteristics, available carbon and nitrogen, and their ratio, on soil N₂O emissions during upland cultivation seasons under rice-upland rotations.

Key words: upland-rice cultivation , N₂O emission , regulatory factors , functional genes

Peng Xu, Mengdie Jiang, Imran Khan, Muhammad Shaaban, Hongtao Wu, Barthelemy Harerimana, Ronggui Hu. 两种旱地种植模式下土壤有效碳、氮和功能基因对N₂O排放的调控潜力[J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2024, 23(8): 2792-2806.

Peng Xu, Mengdie Jiang, Imran Khan, Muhammad Shaaban, Hongtao Wu, Barthelemy Harerimana, Ronggui Hu. Regulatory potential of soil available carbon, nitrogen, and functional genes on N₂O emissions in two upland plantation systems[J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2024, 23(8): 2792-2806.

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两种旱地种植模式下土壤有效碳、氮和功能基因对N₂O排放的调控潜力

Regulatory potential of soil available carbon, nitrogen, and functional genes on N₂O emissions in two upland plantation systems

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