Journal of Integrative Agriculture ›› 2024, Vol. 23 ›› Issue (3): 888-900.DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2023.09.032

• • 上一篇    下一篇

玉米真小孢帽菌叶枯病病原菌分离鉴定及其对杀菌剂的敏感性测定

  

  • 收稿日期:2023-04-17 接受日期:2023-08-23 出版日期:2024-03-20 发布日期:2024-03-02

Identification, pathogenicity, and fungicide sensitivity of Eutiarosporella dactylidis associated with leaf blight on maize in China

Cheng Guo1, Xiaojie Zhang2, Baobao Wang3, Zhihuan Yang4, Jiping Li1, Shengjun Xu1, Chunming Wang1, Zhijie Guo1, Tianwang Zhou1, Liu Hong1, Xiaoming Wang4#, Canxing Duan4##br#   

  1. 1 Institute of Plant Protection, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730070, China

    2 Pratacultural College, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China

    3 Shijiazhuang Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050050, China

    4 Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China

  • Received:2023-04-17 Accepted:2023-08-23 Online:2024-03-20 Published:2024-03-02
  • About author:Cheng Guo, E-mail: gsguoch@126.com; #Correspondence Xiaoming Wang, Tel: +86-10-82109608, E-mail: wangxiaoming@caas.cn; Canxing Duan, Tel: +86-10-82109608, E-mail: duancanxing@caas.cn
  • Supported by:
    The research was supported by the Doctor Foundation of Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China (2020GAAS33), the Young Science and Technology Lifting Engineering Talents in Gansu Province, China (2020-18), and the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS-ASTIP-2017-ICS).  

摘要:

玉米是重要的粮、饲、经兼用型作物,在全世界广泛种植。2011年,在甘肃省灵台县和临洮县玉米植株上发现了一种新的叶部病害。病侵染玉米叶片,叶尖和缘处呈现不规则的褪绿病变,病斑向内扩展变褐,导致半叶或全叶枯死,其上散生大量黑色点状子实体。近年来,该病害已从甘肃扩展到周边宁夏的整个县区、陕西的部分区域及内蒙古的呼和浩特,且危害程度逐年加重,对我国西北春玉米产业的健康发展已构成严重威胁。为明确玉米新发病害叶枯病的病原菌种类,并筛选出有效的防治药剂,本研究于2018年—2020年自甘肃省和宁夏回族自治区123个村镇采集具有典型叶枯病症状的玉米叶片,分离和纯化后获得245株培养性状一致的菌株,通过形态学特征、多基因序列分析和致病性测定,确定了引起玉米叶枯病的病原菌,并采用菌丝生长速率法测定了该病原菌对6种杀菌剂的敏感性。对病原菌进行传统的形态学观察,病原菌的菌落形态、有性和无性形态与真小孢帽属真菌较为相似;通过ITSSSULSUTEFTUB多位点系统发育分析发现病原菌与鸭茅真小孢帽菌(Eutiarosporella dactylidis)聚为一类。根据不同地理来源,12株代表菌株接种后出现的病害症状与田间表现一致,供试菌株的致病力无明显差异。供试药剂中,咯菌腈和多菌灵对E. dactylidis菌丝生长的抑制作用最强,EC50值分别为0.0063 ± 0.0013μg mL-10.0260 ± 0.0035 μg mL-1。本研究首次报道了E. dactylidis是引起玉米叶枯病的病原菌,咯菌腈和多菌灵可有效抑制病菌菌丝生长。研究结果将为玉米真小孢帽菌叶枯病病害诊断和科学防控提供依据。

Abstract:

Maize (Zea mays L.) is an economically vital grain crop that is cultivated worldwide.  In 2011, a maize foliar disease was detected in Lingtai and Lintao counties in Gansu Province, China.  The characteristic signs and symptoms of this disease include irregular chlorotic lesions on the tips and edges of infected leaves and black punctate fruiting bodies in dead leaf tissues.  Given favourable environmental conditions, this disease spread to areas surrounding Gansu.  In this study, infected leaves were collected from Gansu and Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region between 2018 and 2020 to identify the disease-causing pathogen.  Based on morphological features, pathogenicity tests, and multi-locus phylogenetic analysis involving internal transcribed spacer (ITS), 18S small subunit rDNA (SSU), 28S large subunit rDNA (LSU), translation elongation factor 1-alpha (TEF), and β-tubulin (TUB) sequences, Eutiarosporella dactylidis was identified as the causative pathogen of this newly discovered leaf blight.  Furthermore, an in vitro bioassay was conducted on representative strains using six fungicides, and both fludioxonil and carbendazim were found to significantly inhibit the mycelial growth of E. dactylidis.  The results of this study provide a reference for the detection and management of Eutiarosporella leaf blight.

Key words: Maize leaf blight , morphology ,  molecular phylogeny ,  Eutiarosporella dactylidis ,  fungicide sensitivity