Yield performance and optimal nitrogen and phosphorus application rates in wheat and faba bean intercropping

doi:10.1016/S2095-3119(20)63489-X

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

豆科禾本科间作系统作物的产量与养分管理密切相关。然而，间作体系中氮肥用量对作物产量的影响结论并不一致；而磷肥用量与间作作物产量关系的研究则较少。本研究于2014-2019年开展了两个田间定位试验。田间试验1，设置了3种种植模式（小麦单作（MW）、蚕豆单作（MF）和小麦蚕豆间作（W//F））和4个氮水平（N0，小麦和蚕豆施氮量均为0kg ha^-1；N1，小麦和蚕豆施氮量分别为90和45 kg ha^-1；N2，小麦和蚕豆施氮量分别为180和90 kg ha^-1；N3，小麦和蚕豆施氮量分别为270和135 kg ha^-1）。田间试验2，设置了3种种植模式（MW、MF和W//F）和3个磷水平（P0，小麦和蚕豆施肥量为0kg P₂O₅ ha^-1;P1，小麦和蚕豆施磷量为45 kg P₂O₅ ha^-1；P2，小麦和蚕豆施磷量为90 P₂O₅ kg ha^-1）。研究了不同氮磷水平下、单间作小麦和蚕豆的产量特征；分析了单间作小麦最佳的氮磷肥投入量。结果表明，小麦蚕豆间作提高小麦产量18-26%、降低蚕豆产量5-21%，整体表现间作产量优势，平均土地当量比（LER）为1.12。氮、磷肥施用有利于提高间作小麦产量、但却降低了间作蚕豆的产量。间作小麦LER（PLER_wheat）随氮肥施用量的提高而降低、间作蚕豆LER（PLER_{faba bean}）亦随磷肥施用量的提高而降低。因此，间作产量LER整体随氮、磷肥用量提高而降低。在氮肥减施40-50%、磷肥减施30-40%的条件下，小麦蚕豆间作可以维持与单作小麦一致的产量。模型分析表明，在本试验条件下、单作和间作小麦的最佳氮肥用量分别为168和150 kg ha^-1，最佳磷肥用量（P₂O₅）分别为63和62 kg ha^-1。总之，小麦蚕豆间作显著提高小麦产量从而表现为间作产量优势；但是间作增产优势随氮、磷肥用量的提高而降低。因此，优化氮磷肥投入量可以最大化间作的经济和生态效应。基于本研究，在西南地区推荐间作小麦的最佳氮、磷肥（P₂O₅）投入量为150和60 kg ha^-1。

Abstract:

Yield performance in cereal and legume intercropping is related to nutrient management, however, the yield response of companion crops to nitrogen (N) input is inconclusive and only limited efforts have focused on rationed phosphorous (P) fertilization. In this study, two multi-year field experiments were implemented from 2014–2019 under identical conditions. Two factors in a randomized complete block design were adopted in both experiments. In field experiment 1, the two factors included three planting patterns (mono-cropped wheat (MW), mono-cropped faba bean (MF), and wheat and faba bean intercropping (W//F)) and four N application rates (N0, 0 kg N ha^–1; N1, 90 and 45 kg N ha^–1 for wheat and faba beans, respectively; N2, 180 and 90 kg N ha^–1 for wheat and faba beans, respectively; and N3, 270 and 135 kg N ha^–1 for wheat and faba beans, respectively). In field experiment 2, the two factors included three P application rates (P0, 0 kg P₂O₅ ha^–1; P1, 45 kg P₂O₅ha^–1; and P2, 90 kg P₂O₅ha^–1) and the same three planting patterns (MW, MF, and W//F). The yield performances of inter- and mono-cropped wheat and faba beans under different N and P application rates were analyzed and the optimal N and P rates for intercropped wheat (IW) and MW were estimated. The results revealed that intercropping favored wheat yield and was adverse to faba bean yield. Wheat yield increased by 18–26%, but faba bean yield decreased by 5–21% in W//F compared to MW and MF, respectively. The stimulated IW yield drove the yield advantage in W//F with an average land equivalent ratio (LER) of 1.12. N and P fertilization benefited IW yield, but reduced intercropped faba bean (IF) yield. Nevertheless, the partial LER of wheat (pLER_wheat) decreased with increasing N application rates, and the partial LER of faba bean (pLER_{faba bean}) decreased with increasing P application rates. Thus, LER decreased as N input increased and tended to decline as P rates increased. IW maintained a similar yield as MW, even under reduced 40–50% N fertilizer and 30–40% P fertilizer conditions. The estimated optimum N application rates for IW and MW were 150 and 168 kg ha^–1, respectively, and 63 and 62 kg ha^–1 for P₂O₅, respectively. In conclusion, W//F exhibited yield advantages due to stimulated IW yield, but the intercropping yield benefit decreased as N and P inputs increased. Thus, it was concluded that modulated N and P rates could maximize the economic and ecological functions of intercropping. Based on the results, rates of 150 kg N ha^–1 and 60 kg P₂O₅ha^–1 are recommended for IW production in southwestern China and places with similar conditions.

Key words: land equivalent ratio , nitrogen and phosphorus , optimal application rate , wheat and faba bean intercropping , yield performance

. [J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2021, 20(11): 3012-3025.

XIAO Jing-xiu, ZHU Ying-an, BAI Wen-lian, LIU Zhen-yang, TANG Li, ZHENG Yi. Yield performance and optimal nitrogen and phosphorus application rates in wheat and faba bean intercropping[J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2021, 20(11): 3012-3025.

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