Abstract: This special focus on bioenergy is a product of 2014 and 2016 Yangling International Agri-science Forums held at the Northwest A&F University (NWAFU), Yangling, Shaanxi, China.  The forums brought together scientists over the world to address the challenges and opportunities of developing bioenergy and bio-based economy in China.  It was initiated for recognition of China’s need for developing sustainably produced energy crops in marginal lands and bioenergy and bio-based pro­ducts to support sustainable development.