长期增温与增雨对高寒草甸生态系统呼吸和甲烷通量的对比效应

doi:10.1016/j.jia.2025.11.032

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

增温与降水格局改变常在高寒生态系统中同时发生，并共同影响生态系统的关键碳循环过程。然而，这两种因子如何交互影响生态系统呼吸（Re）和甲烷（CH₄）通量仍不明确。本研究在青藏高原高寒草甸开展了长期增温（+2°C）与增雨（+20%）的控制性试验。结果表明，增温显著降低了Re（–14.2%），并伴随微生物群落由真菌优势向细菌优势转变；相反，增雨显著提高了Re（+34.1%），主要归因于土壤含水量的改善和植物碳输入的增加。增温促进了CH₄吸收（+31.0%），而增雨抑制了CH₄吸收（–26.3%），这一差异与甲烷氧化菌群落组成变化密切相关。Candidatus Methylumidiphilus、Methylococcus和Methylomagnum被确定为关键预测因子。增温与增雨的联合效应增强了Re但削弱了CH₄吸收，表明未来暖湿化情景可能加剧碳释放并削弱高寒草甸的碳汇功能。本研究强调，将微生物生态响应纳入生态系统模型，对于准确预测多因子气候变化背景下高寒地区的碳循环–气候反馈具有重要意义。

Abstract: Warming and altered precipitation frequently co-occur and jointly influence key carbon cycling processes in alpine ecosystems. However, the interactive effects of these two global change factors on ecosystem respiration (Re) and methane (CH₄) fluxes remain unclear. To address this gap, a long-term field experiment was conducted in an alpine meadow on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, combining warming (+2°C) and increased precipitation (+20%). Warming significantly reduced Re by 14.2%, concurrent with a shift from fungal to bacterial dominance. In contrast, increased precipitation enhanced Re by 34.1%, driven by improved soil moisture and greater plant carbon inputs. CH4 uptake increased under warming (+31.0%) but decreased under increased precipitation (−26.3%), linked to the change in methane-oxidizing bacterial communities. Candidatus Methylumidiphilus, Methylococcus, and Methylomagnum were identified as key predictors. Combined warming and increased precipitation enhanced Re while suppressing CH₄ uptake, indicating that future warming-wetting conditions may intensify carbon losses and weaken the carbon sink capacity of alpine meadows. These findings underscore the necessity of integrating microbial ecological responses into ecosystem models to better predict carbon-climate feedbacks under multifactorial global change.

Key words: climate change , long-term experiment , CO₂ emissions , methane uptake , microbial community composition , microbial regulation

Lina Shi, Zhenrong Lin, Yuchuan Shi, Yicheng He, Zeying Yao, Ruijie Zhang, Xinqing Shao. 长期增温与增雨对高寒草甸生态系统呼吸和甲烷通量的对比效应[J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2026, 25(10): 4366-4377.

Lina Shi, Zhenrong Lin, Yuchuan Shi, Yicheng He, Zeying Yao, Ruijie Zhang, Xinqing Shao. Contrasting effects of long-term warming and increased precipitation on ecosystem respiration and methane fluxes in an alpine meadow[J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2026, 25(10): 4366-4377.

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