Journal of Integrative Agriculture ›› 2026, Vol. 25 ›› Issue (3): 918-937.DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2025.07.012

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华东南部低茬再生稻系统中高碳收支盈余的潜在机制

  

  • 收稿日期:2025-04-07 修回日期:2025-07-07 接受日期:2025-06-16 出版日期:2026-03-20 发布日期:2026-02-06

Underlying mechanisms of high carbon budget surplus in low-stubble rice ratooning in Southeast China

Qiaohong Fan1, Jingnan Zou1, Zhimin Lin1, Gui Chen1, Wu You2, Kai Su1#, Wenxiong Lin1#   

  1. 1 Institute of Agroecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China

    2 Fujian Agricultural Ecological Environment and Energy Technology Extension Station, Fuzhou 350002, China

  • Received:2025-04-07 Revised:2025-07-07 Accepted:2025-06-16 Online:2026-03-20 Published:2026-02-06
  • About author:#Correspondence Kai Su, E-mail: fjsk1311@fafu.edu.cn; Wenxiong Lin, E-mail: wenxiong181@163.com
  • Supported by:
    This research was supported by the National Key Research Project of Science and Technology, China (2016yfd30300508, 2017YFD0301602, and 2018yfd0301105) and the Science and Technology Development Fund Project of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, China (kf2015043).

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摘要：

再生稻模式因低碳排放和高产特性在中国南方地区受到正受到广泛关注，然而其收支平衡状况及其潜在机制并不清楚。本研究通过2021-2022年在华东南地区-福州（北纬25°17′，东经119°18′）开展田间试验，构建了三种水稻种植模式：再生稻模式（MC+RSR）、单季稻（LR1）和双季稻（ER+LR2）。采用密闭静态暗箱观测法、干物质测定、生命周期评价（Life Cycle Assessment, LCA）等方法，从作物产量、温室气体排放、碳氮足迹、资源利用效率、固碳能力和碳收支平衡等多维度评估再生稻模式“高固碳-低排放”的机制。结果表明2021~2022年不同再生稻模式的RSR日均产量较其头季稻MC和单季稻LR1提高28.21%~47.40%，再生稻（MC+RSR）模式较双季稻（ER+LR2）模式日均产量提高13.50%~27.76%。并认为造成这一差异的原因是其再生季稻RSR光合产物（包括NSC）向穗部器官分配高3.32%~6.85%和向地下部根器官和土壤部位分配量减低21.77%~43.51%。此外，日均全球增温趋势（GWP）数据显示，再生稻（MC+RSR）日均全球增温趋势（GWP）为16.44 kg CO2-eq ha-1，单季稻（LR1）日均GWP平均为24.99 kg CO2-eq ha-1，双季稻（ER+LR2）日均GWP平均为21.32 kg CO2-eq ha-1，再生稻模式日均GWP比单季稻和双季稻分别降低34.21%和22.90%。同样地，再生稻日均GHGI比单季稻和双季稻分别降低62.28%和28.96%。从碳氮足迹而言，再生稻模式日均碳氮足迹分别为34.54 kg CO2-eq ha-1和22.72 kg N-eq ha-1，单季稻模式为45.63 kg CO2-eq ha-1和24.49 kg N-eq ha-1，双季稻模式为43.38 kg CO2-eq ha-1和24.77 kg N-eq ha-1， 再生稻日均碳、氮足迹比单季稻和双季稻分别降低24.30%、7.23%和20.38%、8.30%。此外，三模式的碳收支盈余量，再生稻（MC+RSR）为22380.01 kg CO2-eq ha-1，单季稻（LR1）和 双季稻（ER+LR2）分别为 11228.54和23772.15 kg CO2-eq ha-1。因此，再生稻模式（MC+RSR）资源利用效率比单季稻模式（LR1）和双季稻模式（ER+LR2）分别提高23.92%和47.50%，同时，日均经济效益分别提高32.71%和80.75%，该研究结果可为进一步探索农业碳中和技术和保障粮食安全的终极目标提供理论基础和实践依据。

Abstract:

The rice ratooning system has attracted increasing attention in southern China due to its low carbon emissions and high yield potential.  However, the net carbon budget and underlying mechanisms remain unclear.  Three rice cropping systems were established in this trial experiment conducted from 2021 to 2022 in Fuzhou (25°05´N, 119°13´E), Southeast China: ratooning rice (RR: MC+RSR) pattern for rice ratooning, single-cropping rice (LR1), and double-cropping rice (DC: ER+LR2).  The closed static dark box gas collection, dry matter determination, life cycle assessment (LCA) etc. approaches were utilized to investigate the mechanism of “high carbon fixation–low emissions” mechanism in RR.  A comprehensive assessment was conducted across multiple dimensions, including crop yield, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, carbon and nitrogen footprints, resource use efficiency, carbon sequestration capacity, and carbon budget balance.  Results showed that the average daily yield of ratoon season rice (RSR) across RR treatments from 2021 to 2022 was 28.21–47.40% higher than that of the main crop (MC) and LR1, and the average daily yield of RR was 13.50–27.76% higher than DC.  This yield advantage was attributed to a 32.32–39.26% increase in the allocation of 13C-labeled photosynthetic products (including non-structural carbohydrates, NSCs) to panicle organs, and a 21.77–43.51% reduction in allocation to underground roots and soil.  Furthermore, the average daily global warming potential (GWP) was 16.44 kg CO2-eq ha–1 for RR, 24.99 kg CO2-eq ha–1 for LR1, and 21.32 kg CO2-eq ha–1 for DC.  Specifically, the average daily GWP of ratoon rice was 34.21% lower than that of LR1 and 22.90% lower than double-cropping rice.  Similarly, the average daily greenhouse gas intensity (GHGI) of ratoon rice was 62.28% lower than LR1 and 28.96% lower than double-cropping rice.  In terms of carbon and nitrogen footprints, the ratoon rice system exhibited average daily values of 34.54 kg CO2-eq ha–1 and 0.47 kg N ha–1, respectively.  In comparison, LR1 had values of 45.63 kg CO2-eq ha–1 and 0.49 kg N ha–1, while double-cropping rice showed 43.38 kg CO2-eq ha–1 and 0.53 kg N ha–1.  These values represent reductions of 24.30% in carbon footprint and 4.28% in nitrogen footprint relative to LR1, and 20.38 and 11.45% relative to double-cropping rice, respectively.  Moreover, the average annual carbon budget surplus across systems was 22,380.01 kg CO2-eq ha–1 for ratoon rice (MC+RSR), 11,228.54 kg CO2-eq ha–1 for LR1, and 23,772.15 kg CO2-eq ha–1 for DC.  Consequently, the resource utilization efficiency of the RR was 24.42 and 47.50% higher than that of single-cropping and double-cropping systems, respectively.  Average daily economic returns also increased by 32.71 and 80.75%, respectively.  These findings provide a robust theoretical foundation and practical guidance for advancing agricultural carbon neutrality technologies and ensuring food security.


Key words: carbon budget balance , carbon fixation and emission mitigation , carbon and nitrogen footprints , ratooning rice , single cropping rice , double cropping rice