Journal of Integrative Agriculture ›› 2026, Vol. 25 ›› Issue (1): 273-289.DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2025.06.012

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有机肥代替部分化肥和节水灌溉可增产增香及调节土壤微生物降低温室气体排放

  

  • 收稿日期:2024-12-13 修回日期:2025-06-09 接受日期:2025-05-19 出版日期:2026-01-20 发布日期:2025-12-09

Partial organic fertilizer substitution and water-saving irrigation can reduce greenhouse gas emissions in aromatic rice paddy by regulating soil microorganisms while increasing yield and aroma

Ligong Peng1, 2, 3*, Sicheng Deng1, 2, 3*, Wentao Yi1, 2, 3, Yizhu Wu1, 2, 3, Yingying Zhang1, 2, 3, Xiangbin Yao1, 2, 3, Pipeng Xing1, 2, 3, Baoling Cui1, 2, 3, Xiangru Tang1, 2, 3#   

  1. 1 State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China

    2 Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Cultivation in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510642, China

    3 Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Science and Technology of Fragrant Rice, Guangzhou 510642, China

  • Received:2024-12-13 Revised:2025-06-09 Accepted:2025-05-19 Online:2026-01-20 Published:2025-12-09
  • About author:Ligong Peng, E-mail: plg@stu.scau.edu.cn; #Correspondence Xiangru Tang, Tel/Fax: +86-20-85280021, E-mail: tangxr@scau.edu.cn * These authors contributed equally to this study.
  • Supported by:

    Funding was provided by the Guangdong Province Low-Carbon Fragrant Rice Cultivation Demonstration Project, China (F23032).

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摘要：

我国是全球最大的水稻生产国，而稻田CH4 和N2O的排放是我国温室气体排放的重要源头。香稻因其特有的浓郁香味被消费者喜爱，但由于香稻的增香栽培与普通水稻不同，香稻增香栽培与稻田温室气体排放的关系不够清楚。为探明增香栽培条件下，香稻田微生物结构和功能变化及与温室气体排放的关系。因此，通过在兴宁、南雄、从化、罗定和增城5个不同的生态点分别实施2年的有机肥替代部分化肥和节水灌溉（IOF+W）和常规栽培（CK）的田间试验。分析测定了香稻稻田的CH4 、N2O排放通量和总量、土壤微生物组成和功能、增温趋势（GWP）、氮肥利用率，产量以及香味物质2-乙酰-1-吡咯啉（2-AP）的含量，研究了IOF+W对CH4和N2O的排放的影响及与土壤微生物的关系。结果表明，IOF+W显著降低了CH4 排放通量和总量（降低36.95%）及增温趋势（降低31.29%），显著增加了N2O排放通量和总量（增加14.82%）；IOF+W改变了土壤微生物群落结构，产甲烷菌丰度降低，甲烷氧化菌、消化细菌和反硝化细菌丰度提高，甲烷产生关键酶甲基辅酶M还原酶、甲酰甲基呋喃脱氢酶和甲基转移酶活性降低，而甲烷氧化关键酶甲醇脱氢酶活性增加，从而使总体甲烷代谢通路降低，反硝化关键酶亚硝酸氧化还原酶和硝化细菌关键酶氨单加氧酶、羟胺氧化还原酶活性上调，从而使氮代谢通路增强。上述结果表明，稻田CH4 和N2O的排放与土壤相应微生物的组成及其调节的代谢功能有关，且IOF+W显著增加了氮肥利用率（增加47.83%）、产量（增加14.77%）和2-AP含量（增加13.78%），IOF+W是华南地区香稻绿色、高效、高产、优质生产的有效措施。


Abstract:

As the global leader in rice production, China’s paddy fields contribute substantially to greenhouse gas emissions through methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) releases.  Aromatic rice cultivation practices have been optimized to enhance the aroma, so the relationship between its cultivation and greenhouse gas emissions from paddy fields is unclear.  To investigate how aroma-enhancing cultivation practices drive microbial community dynamics in aromatic rice paddies and their implications for greenhouse gas emissions, a two-year experiment in five ecological locations (Xingning, Nanxiong, Conghua, Luoding, and Zengcheng) compared two farming practices: partial organic substitution for inorganic fertilizers combined with water-saving irrigation (IOF+W) and traditional cultivation (CK).  The CH4 and N2O emissions, soil microbial composition and function, global warming potential (GWP), nitrogen use efficiency, yield, and the content of 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline (2-AP) were measured and analyzed.  The main purpose was to investigate the impact of IOF+W on CH4 and N2O emissions and their relationship with soil microorganisms.  The results showed that IOF+W significantly reduced CH4 emission fluxes and totals (36.95%) and GWP (31.29%), while significantly increasing N2O emission fluxes and totals (14.82%).  The soil microbial community structure was reshaped by the IOF+W treatment, which suppressed methanogens but enhanced the abundances of nitrifying and denitrifying bacteria.  Key enzymatic activities involved in CH4 production, such as methyl-coenzyme M reductase, formylmethanofuran dehydrogenase, and methyltransferase, decreased.  In contrast, the activity of the key CH4-oxidizing enzyme methanol dehydrogenase increased. This shift led to an overall attenuation of the CH4 production metabolism while enhancing the CH4 oxidation metabolism.  In addition, the activities of pivotal enzymes involved in denitrification and nitrification were improved, thus enhancing nitrogen nitrification and denitrification metabolism.  Moreover, the IOF+W treatment significantly increased nitrogen use efficiency (47.83%), yield (14.77%), and 2-AP content (13.78%).  Therefore, the IOF+W treatment demonstrated good efficacy as a sustainable strategy for achieving productive, green, resource-efficient, and premium-quality aromatic rice cultivation in South China.

Key words: greenhouse gas , soil microbial composition ,  2-AP ,  water-saving irrigation ,  nitrogen use efficiency