Journal of Integrative Agriculture ›› 2026, Vol. 25 ›› Issue (1): 290-301.DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2025.04.032

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可持续磷管理：低磷投入与增效措施对石灰性土壤磷组分和作物产量的影响

  

  • 收稿日期:2024-12-28 修回日期:2025-04-25 接受日期:2025-03-21 出版日期:2026-01-20 发布日期:2025-12-09

Sustainable phosphorus (P) management: Impact of low P input with enhancement measures on soil P fractions and crop yield performance on a calcareous soil

Haobo Fan1*, Farman Wali1*, Pengjuan Hu1, Haixia Dong1, Haiqiang Li1, Dan Liang1, Jingru Shen1, Mingxia Gao2, Hao Feng2, Benhua Sun1#    

  1. 1 College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University/Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Green Agriculture on Dryland in Northwestern China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangling 712100, China

    2 College of Soil and Water Conservation Science and Engineering/Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China

  • Received:2024-12-28 Revised:2025-04-25 Accepted:2025-03-21 Online:2026-01-20 Published:2025-12-09
  • About author:Haobo Fan, Mobile: +86-15138183985, E-mail: fanhb1216@163.com; Farman Wali, Mobile: +86-15619416106, E-mail: walifarman@nwafu.edu.cn; #Correspondence Benhua Sun, Mobile: +86-13572009381, E-mail: sunbenhua@nwafu.edu.cn * These authors contributed equally to this study.
  • Supported by:
    This study was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2023YFD1900300 and 2017YFD0200205) and the Agricultural Key-scientific and Core-technological Project of Shaanxi Province, China (2024NYGG011).

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摘要：

磷（P）的持续供应是作物生产中不可或缺的要素。然而，磷资源具有不可再生性，亟需通过可持续管理策略来系统解决其从农业生态系统流失引发的富营养化等环境问题和保障全球粮食安全，本研究旨在通过优化施肥措施来减少磷肥投入。2018-2023年，在陕西关中石灰性塿土上开展“冬小麦-夏玉米”轮作体系田间定位试验，设置 8个处理，即 CK (不施磷肥)、FP (常规施磷)、RP (推荐施磷)、RP80 (减磷20%)、SRP80（减磷20%结合秸秆包裹磷肥）、ARP80（减磷20%结合硫酸铵代替尿素）、SARP80 (综合调控措施：减磷20%结合秸秆包裹磷肥结合和硫酸铵代替尿素)、SARP60（综合调控措施：减磷40%结合秸秆包裹磷肥和硫酸铵代替尿素)。测定了作物产量、磷吸收以及磷效率，并采用Tiessen-Moir磷素分级法测定土壤磷组分。结果表明：除RP80外，施磷处理籽粒产量较CK均有显著提高，增幅在14.9-28.8%。减磷20%结合增效措施（秸秆包裹磷肥和硫酸铵代替尿素）可以显著提高磷农学效率、回收率、表观利用率和偏生产力，增效措施显著提高了土壤活性态和中活性态磷含量。秸秆包裹磷肥和硫酸铵代替尿素主要通过活化中活性态磷组分，促进中活性态磷组分向活性态磷组分转化来提高土壤磷素有效性，从而提高作物产量。因此，秸秆包裹磷肥和硫酸铵代替尿素是石灰性土壤冬小麦-夏玉米轮作体系减磷增效的最有效措施。

Abstract:

The continuous supply of phosphorus (P) is indispensable in crop production.  However, P resources are non-renewable, and environmental concerns like eutrophication associated with its loss from agroecosystems make the sustainable management of P resources essential for ensuring global food security.  This study was designed to reduce mineral P inputs through management practices.  A field experiment comprising a wheat–maize rotation system was conducted in the Guanzhong Plain of Shaanxi Province, China from 2018–2023.  The eight treatments included CK (without P), FP (conventional P application); RP (recommended P); RP80 (20% reduction in RP); SRP80 (20% reduction in RP with straw wrapping); ARP80 (20% reduction in RP with ammonium sulfate instead of urea); SARP80 (20% reduction in RP with straw wrapping and ammonium sulfate instead of urea); and SARP60 (40% reduction in RP with straw wrapping and ammonium sulfate instead of urea).  Crop yield, P uptake, and P fertilizer use efficiency were measured during harvest and throughout the entire period of the study.  At the end of the experiment, P fractions were estimated using the Tiessen-Moir P classification method.  The results revealed that the grain yields of all the treatments except for RP80 were significantly increased compared to CK, with increases of 14.9–28.8%.  Furthermore, agronomic efficiency, apparent P use efficiency, P recovery rate, and partial factor productivity were significantly improved for the treatments that received 20% less P with straw wrapping.  Moreover, the enhancement measures significantly increased labile and moderately labile P in the soil.  Therefore, straw wrapping with ammonium sulfate instead of urea is one of the most effective ways to reduce mineral P inputs while increasing the efficiency of P in wheat–maize rotation systems.

Key words: sustainability , bioavailability , fertilization , phosphorus use efficiency , nutrient cycling