Journal of Integrative Agriculture ›› 2026, Vol. 25 ›› Issue (10): 4126-4141.DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2025.05.025

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减量灌溉条件下有机肥替代提高玉米产量及品质

  

  • 收稿日期:2025-02-07 修回日期:2025-05-27 接受日期:2025-04-25 出版日期:2026-10-20 发布日期:2026-09-21

Organic fertilizer substitution enhances maize yield and quality under reduced irrigation

Feier Wang1, Yao Guo2, Pan Li1, Xiayu Wu1, Hailong Qiu1, Wen Yin1#, Lianhao Zhao1, Zhilong Fan1, Falong Hu1, Wei He1, Hong Fan1, Qiang Chai1   

  1. 1 State Key Laboratory of Arid Land Crop Science/College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China

    2 College of Life Sciences, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China

  • Received:2025-02-07 Revised:2025-05-27 Accepted:2025-04-25 Online:2026-10-20 Published:2026-09-21
  • About author:#Correspondence Wen Yin, E-mail: yinwen@gsau.edu.cn
  • Supported by:

    We are very grateful for financial support of the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2023YFD1900405), the Science and Technology Program of Gansu Province, China (25JRRA347, 24ZDNA008, and 23JRRA704), the Industrial Support Project of Educational Committee of Gansu Province, China (2025CYZC-037), the Lanzhou Youth Science and Technology Talent Innovation Project of China (2023-QN-182), the Northwest Normal University Young Teachers Research Ability Enhancement Project of China (NWNU-LKQN2023-09), and the China Agricultural University Corresponding Support Research Joint Fund (GSAU–DKZY–2024–001).

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摘要：

确保为全球人口提供充足且有营养的粮食供应是农业生产实践中一项重大挑战。水肥是作物产量及品质提升的主要限制因素。然而，有机肥代替部分化学氮肥结合减灌能否通过改善光合生理特征和氮素转运来提高玉米产量和品质尚不清楚。2021‒2023年在西北干旱区开展玉米裂区田间试验。主区为两种灌水水平，当地传统灌溉（I2, 4,050 m3 ha‒1）和减量20%灌溉（I1, 3,240 m3 ha‒1）。裂区为5种有机无机肥等氮替代比例，分别为单施化学氮肥（F1）、有机肥替代化学氮肥25%（F2）、50%（F3）、75%（F4）、100%（F5）。探讨了减量灌溉条件下有机肥与化学氮肥配施对玉米产量、品质、光合生理特征及氮素转运的影响。结果表明，减量灌溉会降低玉米产量和品质。然而，有机肥替代25%化学氮肥可提高玉米产量和品质，且效果优于其他有机肥替代化学氮肥比例。与当地传统灌溉和单施化学氮肥（I2F1）相比，减灌20%与有机肥替代25%化学氮肥（I1F2）分别提高玉米籽粒产量和生物量13.0%和8.9%。与I2F1相比，I1F2提高玉米籽粒蛋白质含量10.0%，增加氨基酸和B族维生素含量分别为60.4和30.6%，提高秸秆粗脂肪和粗蛋白质含量分别为23.1和5.6%。I1F2提高玉米产量和品质的原因为(1)分别提高了R2‒R4期叶面积指数和光合势6.2和4.1%，净光合速率43.8%，丙酮酸磷酸二激酶、磷酸烯醇丙酮酸羧激酶和Rubisco酶活性9.8、9.7和10.5%；(2)分别增加R1期后氮素吸收和氮素积累5.6和5.4%，R1期前氮素转运量保持不变。因此，在干旱灌区，减量20%灌溉与有机肥替代25%化学氮肥能够通过改善玉米光合生理特征和氮素转运来提高玉米产量和品质。

Abstract:

Ensuring an adequate and nutritious food supply for the global population is a significant challenge in agricultural production practice.  Water and fertilizer are the main limiting factors in improving crop yield and quality.  However, it remains unclear whether the substitution of a portion of chemical nitrogen fertilizer with organic fertilizer, combined with reduced irrigation, can increase maize yield and quality through improvements in photo-physiological traits and nitrogen transportation.  A split-plot field experiment of maize was established in an arid area of northwestern China from 2021 to 2023.  Two irrigation levels formed the main plot: local conventional irrigation (I2, 4,050 m3 ha−1) and reduced by 20% (I1, 3,240 m3 ha−1).  Five equivalent nitrogen substitution ratios of chemical nitrogen with organic fertilizers formed a split plot, including sole chemical nitrogen fertilizer (F1), organic fertilizer substituting for 25% (F2), 50% (F3), 75% (F4), and 100% (F5) of chemical nitrogen fertilizer.  This study investigated the effects of combining organic and chemical nitrogen fertilizers under reduced irrigation on maize yield, quality, photo-physiological traits, and nitrogen transportation.  The results showed that reduced irrigation decreased maize yield and quality.  However, organic fertilizer substitution for 25% of chemical nitrogen increased maize yield and quality, with this effect greater than that observed with other equivalent nitrogen substitution ratios of chemical fertilizer with organic fertilizer.  A 20% reduction in irrigation combined with organic fertilizer substitution for 25% of chemical nitrogen (I1F2) increased maize grain yield and biomass by 13.0 and 8.9%, respectively, compared to local conventional irrigation and sole chemical nitrogen fertilizer (I2F1).  Meanwhile, I1F2 improved grain protein content by 10.0%, enhanced amino acid and vitamin B contents by 60.4 and 30.6%, and raised straw crude fat and crude protein contents by 23.1 and 5.6% compared to I2F1 in maize, respectively.  The reason for improving maize yield and quality with I1F2 was attributed to (1) improving leaf area index and leaf area duration at the blister (R2)−dough (R4) stage by 6.2 and 4.1%, increasing net photosynthetic rate by 43.8%, and enhancing pyruvate phosphate dikinase, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, and Rubisco activities by 9.8, 9.7, and 10.5%, respectively; (2) promoting nitrogen uptake and nitrogen accumulation after the R1 stage by 5.6 and 5.4% while maintaining nitrogen transportation quantity before the R1 stage.  Therefore, reducing irrigation by 20% combined with organic fertilizer substitution for 25% of chemical nitrogen can improve maize yield and quality via improving photo-physiological traits and nitrogen transportation in arid irrigation areas.

Key words: reduced irrigation , organic fertilizer substitution with partial chemical nitrogen ,  maize yield and quality ,  photo-physiological traits ,   nitrogen uptake and transportation