退化高寒草原植被斑块改变植物和微生物的氮获取策略

doi:10.1016/j.jia.2024.06.020

Journal of Integrative Agriculture ›› 2025, Vol. 24 ›› Issue (3): 925-935.DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2024.06.020

退化高寒草原植被斑块改变植物和微生物的氮获取策略

收稿日期:2024-04-12 接受日期:2024-05-11 出版日期:2025-03-20 发布日期:2025-02-28

Vegetation patches modify the acquisition of nitrogen by plants and microorganisms in a degraded alpine steppe

Bo Pang^{1, 2, 4}, Lirong Zhao^{1, 2, 4}, Xingxing Ma³, Jiangtao Hong^{1, 4#}, Ziyin Du⁵, Xiaodan Wang^{1, 4#}

¹Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610299, China
²University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
³ Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan 030031, China
⁴Xainza Alpine Steppe and Wetland Ecosystem Observation Station, Xainza 853100, China
⁵School of Land and Resources, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637009, China

Received:2024-04-12 Accepted:2024-05-11 Online:2025-03-20 Published:2025-02-28
About author:Bo Pang, E-mail: pangbo0831@imde.ac.cn; #Correspondence Jiangtao Hong, E-mail: hongjiangtao@imde.ac.cn; Xiaodan Wang, E-mail: wxd@imde.ac.cn
Supported by:
This research was supported by the Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research Program, China (2019QZKK0404), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (42271070), the West Light Scholar of Chinese Academy of Sciences (xbzg-zdsys-202202) and the Technology Major Project of Tibetan Autonomous Region of China (XZ202201ZD0005G01).

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

氮（N）是植物和土壤微生物必需的营养元素，但陆地生态系统常受到N限制。目前，有关不同植被斑块类型如何影响草原生态系统中植物与土壤微生物之间N分配的研究仍存在不足。选取青藏高原退化高寒草原5种常见的植被斑块进行¹⁵N标记实验（¹⁵N-NO₃⁻和¹⁵N-NH₄⁺），对不同植被斑块类型下植物和微生物的N获取策略进行研究。结果表明，5种植被斑块中植物和土壤微生物均偏好吸收NO₃⁻。适口性较好植物斑块中的植物N吸收量显著高于植被适口性较差斑块中的植物，而植被适口性较差斑块中的土壤微生物N吸收量则显著高于植被适口性较好的斑块。5种植被斑块类型中亚早熟禾（Poa litwinowiana）斑块中植物的N吸收量最高（NO₃⁻：13.32–51.28 mg m^-2；NH₄⁺：0.35–1.36 mg m^-2），而冰川棘豆（Oxytropis glacialis）斑块中土壤微生物的N吸收量最高（NO₃⁻：846.97–1659.87 mg m^-2；NH₄⁺：108.75–185.14 mg m^-2）。所有植被斑块中土壤微生物N吸收量高于植物N吸收量（即微生物氮吸收与植物氮吸收之比大于1）。随着高寒草原植被退化程度的加剧，植物的N吸收能力下降，而土壤微生物的N吸收能力增强。土壤微生物较强的N竞争能力可能会降低植物的营养吸收，对N素限制的高寒草原植被恢复产生不利影响。

Abstract:

Nitrogen (N) is an essential nutrient for both plants and soil microbes, but it often has limited availability. Currently, little is known about the effects of different vegetation patch types on the partitioning of N between plants and soil microorganisms in grassland ecosystems. In the present study, we performed a ¹⁵N-labelling experiment (using ¹⁵N-NO₃⁻ and ¹⁵N-NH₄⁺) to investigate N uptake by plant biomass and microbial biomass for five common vegetation patch types in a degraded alpine steppe on the Tibetan Plateau, China. The results showed that plants and soil microorganisms in all patches showed a clear preference for the uptake of NO₃⁻. Plants in patches dominated by palatable species absorbed more N than plants in unpalatable species patches, while N uptake in the microbial biomass in unpalatable species patches was higher than that in palatable species patches. For the two soil depths, plants in Poa litwinowiana patches had the highest N uptake (NO₃⁻: 13.32–51.28 mg m^–2; NH₄⁺: 0.35–1.36 mg m^–2), whereas microbial biomass in Oxytropis glacialis patches had the highest N uptake (NO₃⁻: 846.97–1,659.87 mg m^–2; NH₄⁺: 108.75–185.14 mg m^–2) among the five vegetation patch types. For both forms of N, soil microorganisms acquired relatively more N than the plants in the five vegetation patch types (i.e., the ratio of microbial biomass N uptake to plant biomass N uptake was greater than 1). The N-absorbing capacity of plants decreased, whereas the capacity of soil microorganisms to take up N increased with the degradation of vegetation patches. Microorganisms that compete more strongly for N might reduce the uptake of nutrients by plants in degraded patches, which would not be conducive to the restoration of vegetation in N-limited alpine grasslands.

Key words: alpine grassland , grassland degradation , soil microbe , nutrition competition , ammonium nitrogen , nitrate

Bo Pang, Lirong Zhao, Xingxing Ma, Jiangtao Hong, Ziyin Du, Xiaodan Wang. 退化高寒草原植被斑块改变植物和微生物的氮获取策略[J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2025, 24(3): 925-935.

Bo Pang, Lirong Zhao, Xingxing Ma, Jiangtao Hong, Ziyin Du, Xiaodan Wang. Vegetation patches modify the acquisition of nitrogen by plants and microorganisms in a degraded alpine steppe[J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2025, 24(3): 925-935.

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退化高寒草原植被斑块改变植物和微生物的氮获取策略

Vegetation patches modify the acquisition of nitrogen by plants and microorganisms in a degraded alpine steppe

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