BMP基因家族的全基因组表征和功能分析揭示其在鸡定向选择中的作用

doi:10.1016/j.jia.2024.06.007

Journal of Integrative Agriculture ›› 2026, Vol. 25 ›› Issue (3): 1150-1164.DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2024.06.007

BMP基因家族的全基因组表征和功能分析揭示其在鸡定向选择中的作用

收稿日期:2023-12-14 修回日期:2024-06-27 接受日期:2024-04-28 出版日期:2026-03-20 发布日期:2026-02-06

Genome-wide characteristic and functional analyses of the BMP gene family reveal its role in response to directed selection in chicken (Gallus gallus)

Yulong Guo¹, Wanzhuo Geng¹, Botong Chen¹, Zhimin Cheng¹, Yihao Zhi¹, Yanhua Zhang^{1, 2, 3}, Donghua Li^{1, 2, 3}, Ruirui Jiang^{1, 2, 3}, Zhuanjian Li^{1, 2, 3}, Yadong Tian^{1, 2, 3}, Xiangtao Kang^{1, 2, 3}, Hong Li^{1, 2, 3#}, Xiaojun Liu^{1, 2, 3#}

¹College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
²Henan Key Laboratory for Innovation and Utilization of Chicken Germplasm Resources, Zhengzhou 450046, China
³International Joint Research Laboratory for Poultry Breeding of Henan, Zhengzhou 450046, China

Received:2023-12-14 Revised:2024-06-27 Accepted:2024-04-28 Online:2026-03-20 Published:2026-02-06
About author:Yulong Guo, E-mail: sxauguoyulong@126.com; #Correspondence Hong Li, E-mail: lihong19871202@163.com; Xiaojun Liu, E-mail: xjliu2008@hotmail.com
Supported by:
This study was supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China (grant numbers 32272867, 32372871, and 32172720) and the National Key Research and Development Program (grant number 2022YFF1000202).

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

骨形态发生蛋白（BMP）基因家族由一组多功能细胞因子构成，在脊椎动物的肢体发育、骨形成、脂肪沉积和繁殖性能调控等方面发挥重要作用。然而，目前鸡BMP基因家族尚未得到系统的鉴定和全面的功能分析。本研究首先利用生物信息学方法鉴定鸡基因组中BMP基因家族成员，并从系统发育、基因结构、表达模式及定向选择等方面对家族成员进行系统分析，探讨它们在进化和人工选择过程中的作用；然后利用基因功能获得和缺失策略，结合qRT-PCR、CCK-8、EdU、免疫荧光、流式细胞术、ELISA、油红O染色等实验技术，对BMP7基因在脂质合成、沉积及肌肉发育中的功能作用进行了深入研究。结果表明，鸡BMP基因家族共有14个成员，可分为BMP2/4、BMP5/6/7/8A、生长分化因子（GDF）2/BMP10、GDF5/6/7和GDF11/BMP3/15亚家族。BMP基因家族在商品肉鸡和蛋鸡的人工选择中发挥重要作用，其中BMP2、BMP6和GDF7基因对肉用型和蛋用型鸡品系的形成有显著贡献，而BMP7基因对肉用型鸡品系的形成有较大的贡献。BMP7基因内含子区域的单核苷酸多态性（SNPs）与体重、胸肌重、腿重、腹脂重、血清总胆固醇（T-CHO）、甘油三酯（TG）、低密度脂蛋白（LDL）和高密度脂蛋白（HDL）含量显著相关。BMP7基因在鸡原代成肌细胞、肌内前脂肪细胞和腹部前脂肪细胞增殖和分化不同阶段的表达存在显著差异，可促进肝细胞的脂质合成；促进成肌细胞的增殖、分化和胞内脂质沉积；促进肌内前脂肪细胞的增殖但抑制其成脂分化；促进腹部前脂肪细胞的增殖和成脂分化。综上所述，BMP基因家族成员中的SNPs与生长、产蛋和脂肪沉积等性状显著相关，在鸡定向选择中发挥重要作用；其中，BMP7基因可以调控脂质合成、沉积和肌肉发育。这些结果为鸡生长发育、繁殖调控和脂肪沉积理论提供了新的见解，为鸡育种选择提供了新思路。

Abstract:

The bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) gene family comprises a group of multifunctional cytokines that play important roles in limb development, bone formation, fat deposition, and reproductive traits of vertebrates. However, no systematic and comprehensive investigations of the various traits of the whole family members have been conducted, particularly in chickens. Here, we performed genome-wide screening and identified 14 BMP genes, which were classified into the BMP2/4, BMP5/6/7/8A, growth differentiation factor (GDF) 2/BMP10, GDF5/6/7, and GDF11/BMP3/15 subfamilies. Genetic variation pattern analysis showed that BMP genes were responsible for the artificial selection of commercial broilers and layers, with BMP2, BMP6, and GDF7 likely contributing significantly to the formation of both specialized meat- and egg-type lines, whereas BMP7 likely contributed more to the formation of meat-type lines. Genetic association analysis showed that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the BMP7 intron region were associated with body weight, breast muscle weight, leg weight, abdominal fat weights and contents of total cholesterol (T-CHO), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) in serum. Additionally, gain- and loss-of-function assays demonstrated that BMP7 promoted the proliferation, myogenic differentiation, and lipid droplet accumulation in myoblasts; enhanced lipid synthesis in hepatocytes; promoted the proliferation and inhibited adipogenic differentiation of intramuscular preadipocytes; and induced the proliferation and adipogenic differentiation of abdominal preadipocytes. These results provide novel insights into the role of BMP genes in chicken growth, reproductive regulation, and lipid deposition and could be used to develop genetic markers for breeding selection in chickens.

Key words: BMP gene family , expression regulation , BMP7 , myogenesis , adipogenesis

Yulong Guo, Wanzhuo Geng, Botong Chen, Zhimin Cheng, Yihao Zhi, Yanhua Zhang, Donghua Li, Ruirui Jiang, Zhuanjian Li, Yadong Tian, Xiangtao Kang, Hong Li, Xiaojun Liu. BMP基因家族的全基因组表征和功能分析揭示其在鸡定向选择中的作用[J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2026, 25(3): 1150-1164.

Yulong Guo, Wanzhuo Geng, Botong Chen, Zhimin Cheng, Yihao Zhi, Yanhua Zhang, Donghua Li, Ruirui Jiang, Zhuanjian Li, Yadong Tian, Xiangtao Kang, Hong Li, Xiaojun Liu. Genome-wide characteristic and functional analyses of the BMP gene family reveal its role in response to directed selection in chicken (Gallus gallus)[J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2026, 25(3): 1150-1164.

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BMP基因家族的全基因组表征和功能分析揭示其在鸡定向选择中的作用

Genome-wide characteristic and functional analyses of the BMP gene family reveal its role in response to directed selection in chicken (Gallus gallus)

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