外源褪黑素通过促进根系发育和减少根系损伤提高干旱胁迫下棉花的产量

doi:10.1016/j.jia.2024.04.011

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

灌根法施用外源褪黑素是提高作物抗旱能力的有效途径。然而，灌根法施用褪黑素的最佳浓度以及其诱导棉花（Gossypium hirsutum L.）耐旱性的生理机制仍不清楚。本研究旨在确定灌根法施用褪黑素的最佳浓度，并探讨褪黑素对棉花根系的保护作用。结果表明，50 μmol·L^-1的褪黑素效果最佳，能显著减轻干旱对棉花幼苗生长的抑制作用。外源褪黑素显著增加棉花根系的长度、投影面积、表面积、体积、直径和生物量，从而促进干旱胁迫下棉花根系的发育。褪黑激素还可以提高干旱胁迫下的光合能力，并通过调节激素合成基因的表达调控内源激素含量。褪黑素提高了干旱胁迫下抗氧化酶的活力和非酶抗氧化物的含量，降低活性氧和丙二醛的积累，从而减少了干旱胁迫对棉花根系的损害（如线粒体损伤）。此外，褪黑激素缓解了干旱胁迫造成的产量和纤维长度的下降。总之，上述结果阐明了灌根施用外源褪黑素通过促进根系发育和减少干旱胁迫造成的根系损伤来提高棉花产量。综上所述，本研究为通过灌根法在大田中应用褪黑素提供了基础。

Abstract:

The exogenous application of melatonin by the root drenching method is an effective way to improve crop drought resistance. However, the optimal concentration of melatonin by root drenching and the physiological mechanisms underlying melatonin-induced drought tolerance in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) roots remain elusive. This study determined the optimal concentration of melatonin by root drenching and explored the protective effects of melatonin on cotton roots. The results showed that 50 μmol L^–1 melatonin was optimal and significantly mitigated the inhibitory effect of drought on cotton seedling growth. Exogenous melatonin promoted root development in drought-stressed cotton plants by remarkably increasing the root length, projected area, surface area, volume, diameter, and biomass. Melatonin also mitigated the drought-weakened photosynthetic capacity of cotton and regulated the endogenous hormone contents by regulating the relative expression levels of hormone-synthesis genes under drought stress. Melatonin-treated cotton seedlings maintained optimal enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant capacities, and produced relatively lower levels of reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde, thus reducing the drought stress damage to cotton roots (such as mitochondrial damage). Moreover, melatonin alleviated the yield and fiber length declines caused by drought stress. Taken together, these findings show that root drenching with exogenous melatonin increases the cotton yield by enhancing root development and reducing the root damage induced by drought stress. In summary, these results provide a foundation for the application of melatonin in the field by the root drenching method.

Key words: cotton , drought , melatonin , root morphology , root physiology , yield

Lingxiao Zhu, Hongchun Sun, Ranran Wang, Congcong Guo, Liantao Liu, Yongjiang Zhang, Ke Zhang, Zhiying Bai, Anchang Li, Jiehua Zhu, Cundong Li. 外源褪黑素通过促进根系发育和减少根系损伤提高干旱胁迫下棉花的产量[J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2024, 23(10): 3387-3405.

Lingxiao Zhu, Hongchun Sun, Ranran Wang, Congcong Guo, Liantao Liu, Yongjiang Zhang, Ke Zhang, Zhiying Bai, Anchang Li, Jiehua Zhu, Cundong Li. Exogenous melatonin improves cotton yield under drought stress by enhancing root development and reducing root damage[J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2024, 23(10): 3387-3405.

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