控释尿素与普通尿素配施对再生稻产量、氮素利用效率及生态系统经济效益影响的综合评价

doi:10.1016/j.jia.2024.03.038

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 控释尿素（CRU）通常用于提高产量和氮素利用效率（NUE）。然而，很少有研究探讨CRU在再生稻中的作用。再生稻包括头季和再生季水稻，再生季水稻是指头季水稻收获后利用稻桩腋芽生长再次收获的一种水稻种植方式。本研究采用完全随机区组设计对再生稻进行了为期2年的田间试验，阐明了CRU对再生稻产量、NUE和经济效益的影响，为再生稻轻简化和科学施肥提供理论依据。试验设置4个处理：CK（不施氮肥）、FFP（5次撒施尿素）、BF1（一次性基施CRU，2、4和6个月释放周期的CRU混合施用，比例为4:3:3）和BF2（3个月释放周期的CRU与普通尿素作为基肥混合施用，尿素作为促苗肥）。与FFP处理相比，BF1和BF2处理在2019年显著提高了17.47%和15.99%的头季产量，在2020年显著提高了17.91%和16.44%。BF2处理与FFP处理的再生季产量无显著差异，但BF1处理较FFP处理显著提高了14.81%（2019）和12.21%（2020）的再生季产量。与FFP处理相比，BF1和BF2处理显著提高了2年氮肥吸收利用率11.47–16.66、氮肥农学效率27.31–44.49和氮肥偏生产力9.23–15.60%。与FFP处理相比，BF1和BF2处理降低了头季和再生季的垩白粒率和垩白度。能值分析表明，BF处理的生产效率高于FFP处理。BF处理减少了施肥次数和劳动力投入，提高了再生稻的经济效益。与FFP处理相比，BF1和BF2处理分别增加了14.21–16.87和23.76–25.96%的净收入。综上，应鼓励CRU和普通尿素一次性配施，实现再生稻的优质高产和高效的同时减少劳动力投入和表观氮损失。

Abstract:

Controlled-release urea (CRU) is commonly used to improve the crop yield and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE). However, few studies have investigated the effects of CRU in the ratoon rice system. Ratoon rice is the practice of obtaining a second harvest from tillers originating from the stubble of the previously harvested main crop. In this study, a 2-year field experiment using a randomized complete block design was conducted to determine the effects of CRU on the yield, NUE, and economic benefits of ratoon rice, including the main crop, to provide a theoretical basis for fertilization of ratoon rice. The experiment included four treatments: (i) no N fertilizer (CK); (ii) traditional practice with 5 applications of urea applied at different crop growth stages by surface broadcasting (FFP); (iii) one-time basal application of CRU (BF1); and (iv) one-time basal application of CRU combined with common urea (BF2). The BF1 and BF2 treatments significantly increased the main crop yield by 17.47 and 15.99% in 2019, and by 17.91 and 16.44% in 2020, respectively, compared with FFP treatment. The BF2 treatment achieved similar yield of the ratoon crop to the FFP treatment, whereas the BF1 treatment significantly increased the yield of the ratoon crop by 14.81% in 2019 and 12.21% in 2020 compared with the FFP treatment. The BF1 and BF2 treatments significantly improved the 2-year apparent N recovery efficiency, agronomic NUE, and partial factor productivity of applied N by 11.47–16.66, 27.31–44.49, and 9.23–15.60%, respectively, compared with FFP treatment. The BF1 and BF2 treatments reduced the chalky rice rate and chalkiness of main and ratoon crops relative to the FFP treatment. Furthermore, emergy analysis showed that the production efficiency of the BF treatments was higher than that of the FFP treatment. The BF treatments reduced labor input due to reduced fertilization times and improved the economic benefits of ratoon rice. Compared with the FFP treatment, the BF1 and BF2 treatments increased the net income by 14.21–16.87 and 23.76–25.96%, respectively. Overall, the one-time blending use of CRU and common urea should be encouraged to achieve high yield, high nitrogen use efficiency, and good quality of ratoon rice, which has low labor input and low apparent N loss.

Key words: ratoon rice , controlled-release urea , yield , nitrogen use efficiency , economic benefit

Zijuan Ding, Ren Hu, Yuxian Cao, Jintao Li, Dakang Xiao, Jun Hou, Xuexia Wang. 控释尿素与普通尿素配施对再生稻产量、氮素利用效率及生态系统经济效益影响的综合评价[J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2024, 23(9): 3186-3199.

Zijuan Ding, Ren Hu, Yuxian Cao, Jintao Li, Dakang Xiao, Jun Hou, Xuexia Wang. Integrated assessment of yield, nitrogen use efficiency and ecosystem economic benefits of use of controlled-release and common urea in ratoon rice production[J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2024, 23(9): 3186-3199.

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