旱地小麦地膜覆盖提高产量和水分利用率，秸秆覆盖增加储水量

doi:10.1016/j.jia.2024.01.008

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

干旱缺水和降水量分布不均制约着旱地小麦生产，地膜和秸秆覆盖是旱地小麦保水增产的有效措施。我们进行了8年定位试验，用无覆盖做对照，研究地膜和秸秆覆盖对旱地小麦产量、土壤储水量、地表温度和水分利用率的影响。结果表明：相比无覆盖对照，地膜覆盖和秸秆覆盖平均增产12.6和10.5%，地膜覆盖增产效果优于秸秆覆盖。相比无覆盖对照，秸秆覆盖在周年、生育期和夏闲期分别显著降低地表土层温度达到0.57、0.60和0.48°C；恰恰相反，地膜覆盖在周年、生育期和夏闲期分别增温达到0.44、0.51 和0.27°C。地表土层温度是决定土壤储水的关键因素，相比地膜覆盖，秸秆覆盖可以提高播前底墒17%。收获期地膜覆盖和秸秆覆盖储水量无差异，所以秸秆覆盖蒸散量比地膜覆盖提高4.5%，因而地膜覆盖水分利用率相比秸秆覆盖提高了6.6%。总的来看，地膜覆盖提高了旱地小麦的产量和水分利用率，秸秆覆盖增加了储水量。

Abstract:

Amplifying drought stress and high precipitation variability impair dryland wheat production. These problems can potentially be minimized by using plastic mulch (PM) or straw mulch (SM). Therefore, wheat grain yield, soil water storage, soil temperature and water-use productivity of PM and SM treatments were compared with no mulch (CK) treatment on dryland wheat over a period of eight seasons. Compared to the CK treatment, PM and SM treatments on average significantly increased grain yield by 12.6 and 10.5%, respectively. Compared to the CK treatment, SM treatment significantly decreased soil daily temperature by 0.57, 0.60 and 0.48°C for the whole seasons, growing periods and summer fallow periods, respectively. In contrast, compared to the CK treatment, PM treatment increased soil daily temperature by 0.44, 0.51 and 0.27°C for the whole seasons, growing periods and summer fallow periods, respectively. Lower soil temperature under SM allowed greater soil water storage than under PM. Soil water storage pre-seeding was 17% greater under the SM than under the PM treatment. Soil water storage post-harvest was similar for the PM and SM treatments, but evapotranspiration was 4.5% higher in the SM than in the PM treatment. Consequently, water-use productivity was 6.6% greater under PM than under the SM treatment. Therefore, PM treatment increased dryland wheat yield and water-use productivity, while straw mulch increased soil water storage.

Key words: plastic mulch , soil water storage , straw mulch , water-use productivity , winter wheat

Hubing Zhao, Guanfei Liu, Yingxia Dou, Huimin Yang, Tao Wang, Zhaohui Wang, Sukhdev Malhi, Adnan Anwar Khan. 旱地小麦地膜覆盖提高产量和水分利用率，秸秆覆盖增加储水量[J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2024, 23(9): 3174-3185.

Hubing Zhao, Guanfei Liu, Yingxia Dou, Huimin Yang, Tao Wang, Zhaohui Wang, Sukhdev Malhi, Adnan Anwar Khan. Plastic mulch increases dryland wheat yield and water-use productivity, while straw mulch increases soil water storage[J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2024, 23(9): 3174-3185.

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