Journal of Integrative Agriculture ›› 2025, Vol. 24 ›› Issue (4): 1436-1447.DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2024.03.033

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大豆饲用改良途径：跨纬度引种推迟花期并提高物质积累

  

  • 收稿日期:2023-08-14 接受日期:2023-12-29 出版日期:2025-04-20 发布日期:2025-03-17

Crossing latitude introduction delayed flowering and facilitated dry matter accumulation of soybean as a forage crop

Dong An1, 2, 3, Xingfa Lai1, 2, Tianfu Han4, Jean Marie Vianney Nsigayehe1, 2, Guixin Li1, 2, Yuying Shen1, 2, 3#   

  1. 1 State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China

    2 National Field Scientific Observation and Research Station of Grassland Agro-ecosystems in Gansu Qingyang, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China

    3 College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China

    4 Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology (Beijing), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China

  • Received:2023-08-14 Accepted:2023-12-29 Online:2025-04-20 Published:2025-03-17
  • About author:#Correspondence Yuying Shen, E-mail: yy.shen@lzu.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
    This work was funded by the National Key R&D Program of China (2022YFD1300803) and the China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA (CARS-34).  

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摘要：

大豆由于其强烈的光温敏性，在从低到高跨纬度引种种植时，生育期结构及生长表型会发生相应改变，从而可能表现出饲草属性。然而，由于大豆品种的生态类型多样，以及引种后大豆生长表型的不确定性，使得这种大豆饲用改良方式的运用受限。为探究跨纬度引种饲用改良的可行性，并为我国农区畜牧业提供优质饲草。本研究在2018-2019年期间，收集来自我国不同低纬度地区（22-31°N）的24个籽粒大豆品种，并引入纬度更高的黄土高原（39°N）种植，对其生长表型进行观测，并评估大豆品种的饲草生产性能。所有品种在跨纬度引种后都表现出了花期推迟的现象，其中一些品种的营养生长期甚至超过了它们在原产地的全生育期天数。干物质积累速率是引种大豆环境适应与否的关键特征，也是大豆饲草产量形成的基础。来自我国华南热带地区的品种表现出显著的产量优势，干物质产量在8.97-14.68 t ha-1，粗蛋白产量为1.44-2.51 t ha-1。来自该地区的品种华夏3号和桂夏7号在跨纬度环境中表现出最佳的生长适应性和生产力，干物质产量分别可达14.68和13.86 t ha-1，因此，华夏3号和桂夏7号可用于黄土高原区种植系统以供给高产优质的饲草。从低到高跨纬度引种种植是一种行之有效的大豆饲用改良与应用的策略。

Abstract:

Grain soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) shows potential as a forage crop following its introduction from low to high latitudes due to in its growth phenotype.  However, the application of this approach is impeded by the diverse ecological types of soybean, their adaptability to the introduction, and the uncertainty surrounding the growth phenotype post-introduction.  This study introduced 24 grain soybean varieties from low-latitude regions (22–31°N) to the high-latitude northwestern Loess Plateau (39°N) between 2018 and 2019.  The growth phenotypes were observed, and their forage productivity potential was assessed.  All varieties displayed delayed flowering following cross-latitude introduction, with the vegetative growth phase of some varieties even exceeding their entire growth duration at their origin.  Rapid dry matter accumulation rates indicated growth adaptation performance and formed the basis for soybean forage yield.  Varieties from the tropical South China region exhibited significant yield advantages, with dry matter yields of 8.97–14.68 t ha–1 and crude protein yields of 1.44–2.51 t ha–1.  Varieties HX3 and GX7 from this region demonstrated optimal growth adaptability and productivity in the cross-latitude environment, achieving the highest dry matter yields of 14.68 and 13.86 t ha–1, respectively.  As a result, HX3 and GX7 are recommended for local farming systems to provide high-quality forage.  The cross-latitude introduction of soybean is proposed as a viable and efficient strategy for forage improvement and application.


Key words: forage soybean , latitude span ,  vegetative growth , introduction ,  variety screening