合理的耕作方式和施肥优化小麦-玉米轮作体系碳足迹和能量效率

doi:10.1016/j.jia.2024.03.026

Journal of Integrative Agriculture ›› 2025, Vol. 24 ›› Issue (10): 3789-3802.DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2024.03.026

合理的耕作方式和施肥优化小麦-玉米轮作体系碳足迹和能量效率

收稿日期:2023-10-16 修回日期:2024-03-06 接受日期:2024-02-01 出版日期:2025-10-20 发布日期:2025-09-24

Optimizing tillage and fertilization practices to improve the carbon footprint and energy efficiency of wheat–maize cropping systems

Kun Han^{1, 2}, Xinzhu Li², Liang Jia², Dazhao Yu², Wenhua Xu², Hongkun Chen³, Tao Song⁴, Peng Liu^1#

¹National Key Laboratory for Crop Biology/Key Laboratory for Crop Water Physiology and Drought-tolerance Germplasm Improvement, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China
²Kingenta Ecological Engineering Group Co., Ltd., Linyi 276000, China
³Heze Kingenta Ecological Engineering Group Co., Ltd., Heze 274000, China
⁴Qingyuan Kingenta Ecological Engineering Group Co., Ltd., Qingyuan 511500, China

Received:2023-10-16 Revised:2024-03-06 Accepted:2024-02-01 Online:2025-10-20 Published:2025-09-24
About author:Kun Han, E-mail: hankun@sdau.edu.cn; #Correspondence Peng Liu, Tel/Fax: +86-538-8242653, E-mail: liupengsdau@126.com
Supported by:
This study was supported by research grants from the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province, China (ZR2020MC092), the Key Research and Development Project of Shandong Province, China (2019TSCYCX-33), and the Key Research and Development Project of Shandong Province, China (LJNY202025).

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了促进农业的绿色可持续发展和高效生产，耕作方式和施肥需要进一步优化。本研究进行了3年的大田试验来评估耕作方式和施肥对华北平原小麦-玉米种植体系碳足迹（CF）和能量效率的影响。耕作方式为免耕（NT）、常规耕作（CT）、旋耕（RT）和深松旋耕（SRT）；施肥方式为无机肥（IF）和有机无机混合肥（HF）。结果表明，最主要的能量投入和温室气体（GHG）排放来源于肥料和燃料。在同一施肥方式下，耕作方式对小麦和玉米的产量、利润、CF、能量利用效率（EUE）或能量生产力（EP）的影响趋势如下：SRT>RT>CT>NT。在同一耕作条件下，和IF处理相比，HF的能耗较高，温室气体排放和CF较低，而产量和效益较高。总之，不同强度的耕作方式比NT更好，RT和SRT比CT更好。施肥方式中HF的综合性能更好。SRT结合HF能显著降低CF并增加EUE，提高可持续性能。耕作方式和施肥的优化有利于缓解粮食安全压力、能源危机和生态安全威胁。

Abstract:

To make agricultural systems sustainable in terms of their greenness and efficiency, optimizing the tillage and fertilization practices is essential. To assess the effects of tilling and fertilization practices in wheat–maize cropping systems, a three-year field experiment was designed to quantify the carbon footprint (CF) and energy efficiency of the cropping systems in the North China Plain. The study parameters included four tillage practices (no tillage (NT), conventional tillage (CT), rotary tillage (RT), and subsoiling rotary tillage (SRT)) and two fertilizer regimes (inorganic fertilizer (IF) and hybrid fertilizer with organic and inorganic components (HF)). The results indicated that the most prominent energy inputs and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions could be ascribed to the use of fertilizers and fuel consumption. Under the same fertilization regime, ranking the tillage patterns with respect to the value of the crop yield, profit, CF, energy use efficiency (EUE) or energy productivity (EP) for either wheat or maize always gave the same sequence of SRT>RT>CT>NT. For the same tillage, the energy consumption associated with HF was higher than IF, but its GHG emissions and CF were lower while the yield and profit were higher. In terms of overall performance, tilling is more beneficial than NT, and reduced tillage practices (RT and SRT) are more beneficial than CT. The fertilization regime with the best overall performance was HF. Combining SRT with HF has significant potential for reducing CF and increasing EUE, thereby improving sustainability. Adopting measures that promote these optimizations can help to overcome the challenges posed by a lack of food security, energy crises and ecological stress.

Key words: reduced tillage , organic fertilizer , greenhouse gases , C footprint , energy use efficiency

Kun Han, Xinzhu Li, Liang Jia, Dazhao Yu, Wenhua Xu, Hongkun Chen, Tao Song, Peng Liu. 合理的耕作方式和施肥优化小麦-玉米轮作体系碳足迹和能量效率[J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2025, 24(10): 3789-3802.

Kun Han, Xinzhu Li, Liang Jia, Dazhao Yu, Wenhua Xu, Hongkun Chen, Tao Song, Peng Liu. Optimizing tillage and fertilization practices to improve the carbon footprint and energy efficiency of wheat–maize cropping systems[J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2025, 24(10): 3789-3802.

参考文献

Barros I D, Pacheco E P, Carvalho H D. 2017. Integrated emergy and economic performance assessments of maize production in semiarid tropics: Comparing tillage systems. Journal of Environmental Accounting and Management, 5, 207–229.

Bundschuh J, Chen G. 2014. Sustainable Energy Solutions in Agriculture. Chemical Rubber Company Press, Boca Raton, America.

Chaudhary V P, Chandra R, Chaudhary R, Bhattacharyya R. 2021. Global warming potential and energy dynamics of conservation tillage practices for different rabi crops in the Indo-Gangetic Plains. Journal of Environment Management, 296, 113182.

Ding W, Luo J, Li J, Yu H, Fan J, Liu D. 2013. Effect of long-term compost and inorganic fertilizer application on background N2O and fertilizer-induced N2O emissions from an intensively cultivated soil. Science of the Total Environment, 465, 115–124.

FAO. 2022. FAO statistics division. [2023-4-1]. FAOSTAT. http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QC

Frank S, Havlík P, Stehfest E, van Meijl H, Witzke P, Pérez-Domínguez I, van Dijk M, Doelman J C, Fellmann T, Koopman J F L, Tabeau A, Valin H. 2019. Agricultural non-CO2 emission reduction potential in the context of the 1.5°C target. Nature Climate Change, 9, 66–72.

Hadian S, Madani K. 2015. A system of systems approach to energy sustainability assessment: Are all renewables really green? Ecologial Indicators, 52, 194–206.

Han K, Liu P. 2022. Optimizing the N rate for maize forage to balance profits and N ecological stress. Agronomy, 12, 1–10.

He C, Wang Y, Yu W, Kou Y, Yves B, Zhao X, Zhang H. 2022. Comprehensive analysis of resource utilization efficiency under different tillage systems in North China Plain. Journal of Cleaner Production, 347, 131289.

IPCC. 2014. Climate Change 2014-Mitigation of Climate Change: Working Group I Contribution to the Fourth Assessment Report of the IPCC. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom.

IPCC. 2019. Climate change and land: An IPCC special report on climate change, desertification, land degradation, sustainable land management, food security, and greenhouse gas fluxes in terrestrial ecosystems. [2022-6-15]. http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0959-6526(21)00618–1/sref20

Jain N, Arora P, Tomer R, Mishra S V, Bhatia A, Pathak H, Chakraborty D, Kumar V, Dubey D S, Harit R C, Singh J P. 2016. Greenhouse gases emission from soils under major crops in Northwest India. Science of the Total Environment, 542, 551–561.

Kan Z, Liu Q, He C, Jing Z, Virk A L, Qi J, Zhao X, Zhang H. 2020. Responses of grain yield and water use efficiency of winter wheat to tillage in the North China Plain. Field Crops Research, 249, 107760.

Afshar K R, Dekamin M. 2022. Sustainability assessment of corn production in conventional and conservation tillage systems. Journal of Cleaner Production, 351, 131508.

Aqdam K K, Miran N, Khajelou M Y, Aqdam K M, Asadzadeh F, Mosleh Z. 2021. Predicting the spatial distribution of soil mineral particles using OLI sensor in northwest of Iran. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 193, 377.

Lal R. 2019. Promoting “4 per thousand” and “Adapting african agriculture” by south-south cooperation: Conservation agriculture and sustainable intensification. Soil & Tillage Research, 188, 27–34.

Li D. 2017. Comprehensive effect evaluation of annual low carbon production technology for wheat and maize in North China Plain. Ph D thesis, China Agriculture University, Beijing, China. (in Chinese)

Li H, Song X, Bakken L, Ju X. 2023. Reduction of N2O emissions by DMPP depends on the interactions of nitrogen sources (digestate vs. urea) with soil properties. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 22, 251–264.

Li L. 2021. Effect of tillage, straw returning and fertilizer types on phosphorus uptake and utilization of summer maize. MSc thesis, Shandong Agriculture University, Tai’an, China. (in Chinese)

Li S, Guo L, Cao C, Li C. 2021. Integrated assessment of carbon footprint, energy budget and net ecosystem economic efficiency from rice fields under different tillage modes in Central China. Journal of Cleaner Production, 295, 126398.

Li Y, Shao X, Guan W, Ren L, Liu J, Wang J, Wu Q. 2016. Nitrogen decreasing and yield-increasing effects of combined applications of organic and inorganic fertilizers under controlled irrigation in a paddy field. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 25, 673–680.

Li Z, Chen Q, Gao F, Meng Q, Li M, Zhang Y, Zhang P, Zhang M, Liu Z. 2022. Controlled-release urea combined with fulvic acid enhanced carbon/nitrogen metabolic processes and maize growth. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 102, 3644–3654.

Liu Q, Xu C, Han S, Li X, Kan Z, Zhao X, Zhang H. 2021. Strategic tillage achieves lower carbon footprints with higher carbon accumulation and grain yield in a wheat-maize cropping system. Science of the Total Environment, 798, 149220.

Luo X, Guo Y, Wang R, Wang N, Li C, Chu X, Feng H, Chen H. 2021. Carbon footprint of a winter wheat-summer maize cropping system under straw and plastic film mulching in the Loess Plateau of China. Science of the Total Environment, 794, 148590.

Lü F, Song J, Giltrap D, Feng Y, Yang X, Zhang S. 2020. Crop yield and N2O emission affected by long-term organic manure substitution fertilizer under winter wheat-summer maize cropping system. Science of the Total Environment, 732, 139321.

Lü H, Wang X, Pang Z, Zhao S. 2023. Assessment of the crucial factors influencing the responses of ammonia and nitrous oxide emissions to controlled release nitrogen fertilizer: A meta-analysis. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 22, 3549–3559.

National Bureau of Statistics (NBS). 2021. China Statistical Yearbook. [2023-4-1]. http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjsj/ndsj/2021/indexch.htm

Nisar S, Benbi D K, Toor A S. 2021. Energy budgeting and carbon footprints of three tillage systems in maize-wheat sequence of north-western indo-Gangetic Plains. Energy, 229, 120661.

Peixoto D S, Silva L, Melo L B B, Azevedo R P, Araujo B C L, Carvalho T S, Moreira S G, Curi N, Silva B M. 2020. Occasional tillage in no-tillage systems: A global meta analysis. Science of the Total Environment, 745, 140887.

Pittelkow C M, Liang X, Linquist B A, van Groenigen K J, Lee J, Lundy M E, van Gestel N, Six J, Venterea R T, van Kessel C. 2015. Productivity limits and potentials of the principles of conservation agriculture. Nature, 517, 365–368.

Saeed Q, Zhang A, Mustafa A, Sun B, Zhang S, Yang X. 2022. Effect of long-term fertilization on greenhouse gas emissions and carbon footprints in northwest China: A field scale investigation using wheat–maize–fallow rotation cycles. Journal of Cleaner Production, 332, 130075.

Šarauskis E, Vaitauskienė K, Romaneckas K, Jasinskas A, Butkus V, Kriaučiūnienė Z. 2017. Fuel consumption and CO2 emission analysis in different strip tillage scenarios. Energy, 118, 957–968.

Sørensen C G, Halberg N, Oudshoorn F W, Petersen B M, Dalgaard R. 2014. Energy inputs and GHG emissions of tillage systems. Biosystems Engineering, 120, 2–14.

Sun J, Wang Z, Du Y, Zhang E, Gan H, Sun D, Niu W. 2022. Optimized tillage improves yield and energy efficiency while reducing carbon footprint in winter wheat–summer maize rotation systems. Science of the Total Environment, 820, 15327.

Tian B. 2018. Comprehensive evaluation of yield and water use in different rotation systems based on high productivity of maize in North China Plain. Ph D thesis, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China. (in Chinese)

Wang B. 2013. The rules and regulation of farmland carbon cycle under conservational tillage. Ph D thesis, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China. (in Chinese)

Wang S. 2022. Effects of combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers on yield and nutrient uptake and utilization of winter wheat in dryland. Ph D thesis, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China. (in Chinese)

Wang X, Qi J, Liu B, Kan Z, Zhao X, Xiao X, Zhang H. 2020. Strategic tillage effects on soil properties and agricultural productivity in the paddies of southern China. Land Degradation & Development, 31, 1277–1286.

Wang Z, Sun J, Du Y, Niu W. 2021. Conservation tillage improves the yield of summer maize by regulating soil water, photosynthesis and inferior kernel grain filling on the semiarid Loess Plateau, China. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 102, 2330–2341.

Wei H. 2015. Effects of annual fertilizer operation on dry matter production and nutrient use efficiency of winter wheat–summer maize in sand ginger black soil. MSc thesis, Henan Agriculture University, Zhengzhou, China. (in Chinese)

Wei X, Hao M, Xue X, Shi P, Horton R, Wang A, Zhang Y. 2010. Nitrous oxide emission from highland winter wheat field after long-term fertilization. Biogeosciences, 7, 3301–3310.

Yadav G S, Babu S, Das A, Mohapatra K P, Singh R, Avasthe R K, Roy S. 2020. No-till and mulching enhance energy use efficiency and reduce carbon footprint of a direct seeded upland rice production system. Journal of Cleaner Production, 271, 122700.

Zhang J, Zhang F, Yang J, Wang J, Li M, Cai M, Li C, Cao C. 2011. Emissions of N2O and NH3, and nitrogen leaching from direct seeded rice under different tillage practices in Central China. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 140, 164–173.

合理的耕作方式和施肥优化小麦-玉米轮作体系碳足迹和能量效率

Optimizing tillage and fertilization practices to improve the carbon footprint and energy efficiency of wheat–maize cropping systems

PDF

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

参考文献

相关文章 0

编辑推荐

Metrics