施氮量对鲜食玉米产量的影响及氮高效品种特征

doi:10.1016/j.jia.2024.03.085

Journal of Integrative Agriculture ›› 2025, Vol. 24 ›› Issue (10): 3803-3818.DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2024.03.085

施氮量对鲜食玉米产量的影响及氮高效品种特征

收稿日期:2023-10-12 修回日期:2024-03-29 接受日期:2024-02-28 出版日期:2025-10-20 发布日期:2025-09-24

Response of fresh maize yield to nitrogen application rates and characteristics of nitrogen-efficient varieties

Fei Bao^1*, Ping Zhang^1*, Qiying Yu², Yunfei Cai², Bin Chen¹, Heping Tan¹, Hailiang Han¹, Junfeng Hou¹, Fucheng Zhao^1#

¹Institute of Maize and Featured Upland Crops, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Dongyang 322100, China
²Zhejiang Provincial Seed Management Station, Hangzhou 310000, China

Received:2023-10-12 Revised:2024-03-29 Accepted:2024-02-28 Online:2025-10-20 Published:2025-09-24
About author:Fei Bao, E-mail: baof@zaas.ac.cn; Ping Zhang, E-mail: zhangping@cau.edu.cn; #Correspondence Fucheng Zhao, Tel: +86-579-86012610, E-mail: zhaofc@zaas.ac.cn * These authors contributed equally to this study.
Supported by:
This research was funded by the Zhejiang Science and Technology Major Program on Agricultural New Variety Breeding, China (2021C02064-4) and the Zhejiang Province “Three Rural and Nine Party” Science and Technology Cooperation Plan Project (2023SNJF002).

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

高效的氮肥管理对于提升作物产量、减轻环境负担以及推动农业可持续发展至关重要。然而，目前对于鲜食玉米生产中氮肥管理的研究尚显不足。因此，本研究深入分析了浙江省2015年至2019年间五个试验站点甜玉米（40个）和糯玉米（44个）氮肥施用量与产量之间的关系。根据施氮量的平均值，将其分为相对较高施氮量（甜玉米>300 kg ha^-1，糯玉米>320 kg ha^-1）和相对较低施氮量两个水平。研究发现，增加甜玉米和糯玉米的施氮量均显著降低氮肥偏生产力（R²=0.616，P<0.01；R²=0.643，P<0.01）。这表明在本研究条件下，最佳施氮量可能接近于试验设定的最低值，即甜玉米为160 kg ha^-1，糯玉米为180 kg ha^-1。对于甜玉米，在不同施氮水平下，相较于鲜千粒重，穗粒数对鲜籽粒产量的影响更为显著。而对于糯玉米，在相对较低施氮量下，鲜千粒重可能是提升鲜籽粒产量的关键因素；而在相对较高施氮量下，穗粒数和鲜千粒重则共同影响产量。此外，在相对较低施氮量下，甜玉米可能需要较高的株高和穗位高以及优化的穗高系数，以促进干物质积累，进而增加鲜籽粒产量。相比之下，糯玉米在相对较低施氮量下可能需要较低的穗位，以缩短源库之间的距离，使光合产物能够更高效地输送到穗部，从而增加产量。

Abstract:

Efficient nitrogen management is crucial for developing sustainable strategies aimed at enhancing yield while mitigating negative environmental impacts. However, research focusing on this aspect in the production of fresh maize is limited. Therefore, this study analyzed the effects of nitrogen application rates on the yields of 40 sweet and 44 waxy maize varieties at five sites in Zhejiang Province, China, from 2015 to 2019. The nitrogen application rates were categorized as either relatively high (RHN, >300 kg ha^–1 for sweet maize and >320 kg ha^–1 for waxy maize) or relatively low (RLN). An increase in nitrogen application rates significantly reduced nitrogen fertilizer partial productivity in both sweet and waxy maize (R²=0.616, P<0.01; R²=0.643, P<0.01), indicating that the optimum nitrogen application rates in this study might be the lowest values (160 kg ha^–1 for sweet maize and 180 kg ha^–1 for waxy maize). The kernel number per ear of sweet maize had a potentially more significant impact on fresh grain yield than the 1,000-fresh kernel weight under both RLN and RHN. In waxy maize, 1,000-kernel weight contributed more to fresh grain yield under RLN, while kernel number per earand 1,000-kernel weight cooperatively affected the yield under RHN. This study found that sweet maize required taller plant and ear heights, along with an optimal ear–plant height ratio, to enhance dry matter accumulation and increase source size, particularly under RLN, and to ultimately achieve a higher fresh grain yield. In contrast, a lower ear height and ear–plant height ratio in waxy maize probably contributed more to the greater kernel number and weight under RLN, likely due to a lower ear height which can reduce the distance between sink and source, enabling more efficient photoassimilate allocation to the ear

Key words: fresh maize , nitrogen application rates , yield , characteristics of nitrogen-efficient varieties

Fei Bao, Ping Zhang, Qiying Yu, Yunfei Cai, Bin Chen, Heping Tan, Hailiang Han, Junfeng Hou, Fucheng Zhao. 施氮量对鲜食玉米产量的影响及氮高效品种特征[J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2025, 24(10): 3803-3818.

Fei Bao, Ping Zhang, Qiying Yu, Yunfei Cai, Bin Chen, Heping Tan, Hailiang Han, Junfeng Hou, Fucheng Zhao. Response of fresh maize yield to nitrogen application rates and characteristics of nitrogen-efficient varieties[J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2025, 24(10): 3803-3818.

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施氮量对鲜食玉米产量的影响及氮高效品种特征

Response of fresh maize yield to nitrogen application rates and characteristics of nitrogen-efficient varieties

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