适宜有机肥替代比例稳定黄土高原旱作玉米产量并减少气态氮损失

doi:10.1016/j.jia.2024.03.021

Journal of Integrative Agriculture ›› 2025, Vol. 24 ›› Issue (6): 2138-2154.DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2024.03.021

适宜有机肥替代比例稳定黄土高原旱作玉米产量并减少气态氮损失

收稿日期:2023-09-18 修回日期:2024-03-06 接受日期:2024-02-01 出版日期:2025-06-20 发布日期:2025-05-12

A suitable organic fertilizer substitution ratio stabilizes rainfed maize yields and reduces gaseous nitrogen loss in the Loess Plateau, China

Lihua Xie^{1, 2}, Lingling Li^1#, Junhong Xie¹, Jinbin Wang¹, Zechariah Effah³, Setor Kwami Fudjoe¹, Muhammad Zahid Mumtaz¹

¹State Key Lab of Aridland Crop Sciences/College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
²Institute of Soil, Fertilizer and Water-saving Agriculture, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730070, China
³Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Plant Genetic Resources Research Institute, Bunso 97620, Ghana

Received:2023-09-18 Revised:2024-03-06 Accepted:2024-02-01 Online:2025-06-20 Published:2025-05-12
About author:Lihua Xie, E-mail: 2987237989@qq.com; #Correspondence Lingling Li, Tel: +86-931-7631145, E-mail: lill@gsau.edu.cn
Supported by:
This work was supported by the State Key Laboratory of Arid Land Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, China (GSCS-2022-Z02), the National Key R&D Program of China (2022YFD1900300), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32260549), the Innovation Group of Basic Research in Gansu Province, China (25JRRA807) and the Major Special Research Projects in Gansu Province, China (22ZD6NA009).

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为减少传统全化肥施肥造成的气体氮(N)损失和土壤退化，有机肥的应用已成为玉米生产中日益流行的替代手段。有机肥在改善土壤质量和稳定玉米产量方面发挥着关键作用，但细化不同替代比例的研究文献仍然很少。为此，本研究依托2016年在甘肃农业大学旱作农业综合实验站建立的玉米长期定位有机替代试验，于2021-2022年研究不同有机肥替代化学氮肥比例对陇中旱地玉米产量、气态氮素损失的影响，并从土壤理化性质、氮循环相关功能微生物角度探讨了其内在机制。在等氮(200 kg N hm⁻²)条件下，设5个有机氮替代化肥氮比例处理：100%化肥(T1)、50.0%有机肥+50.0%化肥(T2)、37.5%有机肥+62.5%化肥(T3)、25.0%有机肥+75.0%化肥 (T4)、12.5%有机肥+87.5%化肥(T5)，同时设置一个不施氮肥处理(T6)。两年平均结果显示，T3和T1籽粒产量和生物量最高，且两者间差异不显著。与T1相比，12.5、25.0、37.5和50.0%替代比例(T5、T4、T3和T2)的总氮损失率(NH₃、N₂O)分别降低了8.3、16.1、18.7和27.0%。氮素利用效率(NUE)在T5、T3和T1较高，三者间差异不显著。有机肥替代主要是通过降低铵态氮(NH₄⁺-N)和碱解氮(AN)含量以及增加土壤水分直接减少农田NH₃挥发与N₂O排放，通过土壤水分负向调控AOB、nirK基因丰度间接减少N₂O排放。综上所述，适宜替代比例(37.5%)通过土壤因子(水分、NH₄⁺-N、AN、AOB、nirK)减少旱地农田NH₃挥发与N₂O排放。

Abstract:

The application of organic fertilizers has become an increasingly popular practice in maize production to reduce the gaseous nitrogen (N) loss and soil degradation caused by inorganic fertilizers. Organic fertilizer plays a key role in improving soil quality and stabilizing maize yields, but few studies have compared different substitution rates. A field study was carried out in 2021 and 2022, based on a long-term trial initiated in 2016, which included five organic fertilizer N substitution rates with equal inputs of 200 kg N ha^–1: 0% organic fertilizer (T1, 100% inorganic fertilizer), 50.0% organic+50.0% inorganic fertilizer (T2), 37.5% organic+62.5% inorganic fertilizer (T3), 25.0% organic+75.0% inorganic fertilizer (T4), and 12.5% organic+87.5% inorganic fertilizer (T5), as well as a no fertilizer control (T6). The results of the two years showed that T3 and T1 had the highest grain yield and biomass, respectively, and there was no significant difference between T1 and T3. Compared with T1, the 12.5, 25.0, 37.5, and 50.0% substitution rates in T5, T4, T3, and T2 significantly reduced total nitrogen losses (NH₃, N₂O) by 8.3, 16.1, 18.7, and 27.0%, respectively. Nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) was higher in T5, T3, and T1, and there were no significant differences among them. Organic fertilizer substitution directly reduced NH₃ volatilization and N₂O emission from farmland by lowering the ammonium nitrogen and alkali-dissolved N contents and by increasing soil moisture. These substitution treatments reduced N₂O emissions indirectly by regulating the abundances of AOB and nirK-harboring genes by promoting soil moisture. Specifically, the 37.5% organic fertilizer substitution reduces NH₃ volatilization and N₂O emission from farmland by reducing the ammonium nitrogen and alkali-dissolved N contents and increasing moisture, which negatively regulate the abundance of AOB and nirK-harboring genes to reduce N₂O emissions indirectly in rainfed maize fields on the Loess Plateau of China.

Key words: organic fertilizer , rainfed maize field , gaseous nitrogen loss , functional gene

Lihua Xie, Lingling Li, Junhong Xie, Jinbin Wang, Zechariah Effah, Setor Kwami Fudjoe, Muhammad Zahid Mumtaz. 适宜有机肥替代比例稳定黄土高原旱作玉米产量并减少气态氮损失[J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2025, 24(6): 2138-2154.

Lihua Xie, Lingling Li, Junhong Xie, Jinbin Wang, Zechariah Effah, Setor Kwami Fudjoe, Muhammad Zahid Mumtaz. A suitable organic fertilizer substitution ratio stabilizes rainfed maize yields and reduces gaseous nitrogen loss in the Loess Plateau, China[J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2025, 24(6): 2138-2154.

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适宜有机肥替代比例稳定黄土高原旱作玉米产量并减少气态氮损失

A suitable organic fertilizer substitution ratio stabilizes rainfed maize yields and reduces gaseous nitrogen loss in the Loess Plateau, China

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