生物炭添加可增强旱作覆膜农田碳固存并减少温室气体排放

doi:10.1016/j.jia.2023.12.011

Journal of Integrative Agriculture ›› 2025, Vol. 24 ›› Issue (2): 517-526.DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2023.12.011

生物炭添加可增强旱作覆膜农田碳固存并减少温室气体排放

收稿日期:2023-07-24 接受日期:2023-11-17 出版日期:2025-02-20 发布日期:2025-01-21

Enhancing carbon sequestration and greenhouse gas mitigation in semiarid farmland: The promising role of biochar application with biodegradable film mulching

Jinwen Pang^{1, 2}, Zhonghong Tian^{1, 2}, Mengjie Zhang^{1, 2}, Yuhao Wang^{1, 2}, Tianxiang Qi¹, Qilin Zhang¹, Enke Liu³, Weijun Zhang⁴, Xiaolong Ren^{1, 2}, Zhikuan Jia^{1, 2}, Kadambot H. M. Siddique⁵, Peng Zhang^{1, 2#}

¹College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
²Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Tillage Science in Northwestern Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
³Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
⁴Crop Research Institute, Ningxia Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan 750199, China
⁵The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth WA6001, Australia

Received:2023-07-24 Accepted:2023-11-17 Online:2025-02-20 Published:2025-01-21
About author:#Correspondence Peng Zhang, E-mail: pengzhang121@hotmail.com
Supported by:
This research was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2021YFE0101300, 2021YFD1901102), the Project Supported by Natural Science Basic Research Plan in Shaanxi Province of China (2023-JC-YB-185), and the Ningxia key research and development program (2023BCF01018).

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

地膜覆盖由于能够提高半干旱地区农田生产力而被广泛使用，然而长期地膜覆盖导致温室气体排放增加，同时会过度消耗土壤地力，不利于生产的可持续性。生物炭作为一种养分含量的物质，我们设想在土壤中添加生物炭能否解决这一问题。因此，我们在覆膜和不覆膜两种种植模式下设置4种生物炭添加量(无生物炭添加(N)=0 t ha ^-1，低量添加(L)=3 t ha ^-1，中量添加(M)=6 t ha ^-1，高量添加(H)=9 t ha ^-1)。通过研究两者种植方式下不同生物炭添加量对农田温室气体排放、土壤有机碳固存(SOCS)和玉米产量的影响，来评估农田生态系统的生产力和可持续性。三年试验结果表明：覆膜提高了玉米产量(18.68—41.80%)，茎秆(23.64%)、籽粒(28.87%)和根系(46.31%)中的固碳量，温室气体排放量(CO₂，10.78%；N₂O，3.41%)，但降低了SOCS(6.57%)和温室气体排放强度(GHGI；13.61%)。在覆膜条件下，添加生物炭可显著提高玉米产量(10.20%)、茎秆(17.97%)、籽粒(17.69%)、根系(16.75%)中固碳量和SOCS(4.78%)；并降低温室气体排放(CO₂，3.09%；N₂O，6.36%)及其强度(GHGI；12.28%)。且影响效果与生物炭添加量呈正相关关系，当生物炭添加量为9.0 t ha ^{– 1}时，增产减排效果最佳。总体而言，添加生物炭降低了膜下玉米田CO₂和N₂O的排放，增加了CH₄的吸收，提高了玉米产量。在降低增温潜势的同时，提高了土壤固碳能力，因此降解膜下施加9.0 t ha ^{– 1}生物炭可作为半干旱区农田可持续发展的管理措施。

Abstract:

Long-term mulching has improved crop yields and farmland productivity in semiarid areas, but it has also increased greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and depleted soil fertility. Biochar application has emerged as a promising solution for addressing these issues. In this study, we investigated the effects of four biochar application rates (no biochar (N)=0 t ha^–1, low (L)=3 t ha^–1, medium (M)=6 t ha^–1, and high (H)=9 t ha^–1) under film mulching and no mulching conditions over three growing seasons. We assessed the impacts on GHG emissions, soil organic carbon sequestration (SOCS), and maize yield to evaluate the productivity and sustainability of farmland ecosystems. Our results demonstrated that mulching increased maize yield (18.68–41.80%), total fixed C in straw (23.64%), grain (28.87%), and root (46.31%) biomass, and GHG emissions (CO₂, 10.78%; N₂O, 3.41%), while reducing SOCS (6.57%) and GHG intensity (GHGI; 13.61%). Under mulching, biochar application significantly increased maize yield (10.20%), total fixed C in straw (17.97%), grain (17.69%) and root (16.75%) biomass, and SOCS (4.78%). Moreover, it reduced the GHG emissions (CO₂, 3.09%; N₂O, 6.36%) and GHGI (12.28%). These effects correlated with the biochar addition rate, with the optimal rate being 9.0 t ha^–1. In conclusion, biochar application reduces CO₂ and N₂O emissions, enhances CH₄ absorption, and improves maize yield under film mulching. It also improves the soil carbon fixation capacity while mitigating the warming potential, making it a promising sustainable management method for mulched farmland in semiarid areas.

Key words: biochar , film mulching , greenhouse gas emissions , carbon sequestration

Jinwen Pang, Zhonghong Tian, Mengjie Zhang, Yuhao Wang, Tianxiang Qi, Qilin Zhang, Enke Liu, Weijun Zhang, Xiaolong Ren, Zhikuan Jia, Kadambot H. M. Siddique, Peng Zhang. 生物炭添加可增强旱作覆膜农田碳固存并减少温室气体排放[J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2025, 24(2): 517-526.

Jinwen Pang, Zhonghong Tian, Mengjie Zhang, Yuhao Wang, Tianxiang Qi, Qilin Zhang, Enke Liu, Weijun Zhang, Xiaolong Ren, Zhikuan Jia, Kadambot H. M. Siddique, Peng Zhang. Enhancing carbon sequestration and greenhouse gas mitigation in semiarid farmland: The promising role of biochar application with biodegradable film mulching[J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2025, 24(2): 517-526.

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生物炭添加可增强旱作覆膜农田碳固存并减少温室气体排放

Enhancing carbon sequestration and greenhouse gas mitigation in semiarid farmland: The promising role of biochar application with biodegradable film mulching

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