高低畦种植模式下水氮供应对冬小麦籽粒灌浆的影响

doi:10.1016/j.jia.2023.12.002

Journal of Integrative Agriculture ›› 2024, Vol. 23 ›› Issue (12): 4018-4031.DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2023.12.002

所属专题：小麦耕作栽培Wheat Physiology · Biochemistry · Cultivation · Tillage

高低畦种植模式下水氮供应对冬小麦籽粒灌浆的影响

收稿日期:2023-07-17 接受日期:2023-10-31 出版日期:2024-12-20 发布日期:2024-11-15

Effects of water and nitrogen rate on grain-filling characteristics under high-low seedbed cultivation in winter wheat

Junming Liu^{1, 2}, Zhuanyun Si^1#, Shuang Li³, Lifeng Wu⁴, Yingying Zhang¹, Xiaolei Wu^{1, 2}, Hui Cao^{1, 2}, Yang Gao^1#, Aiwang Duan¹

¹Institute of Farmland Irrigation, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Water Use and Regulation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Xinxiang 453002, China
²Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
³Shandong Academy of Agricultural Machinery Sciences, Jinan 250000, China
⁴Binzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Binzhou 256600, China

Received:2023-07-17 Accepted:2023-10-31 Online:2024-12-20 Published:2024-11-15
About author:#Correspondence Yang Gao, Tel/Fax: +86-373-3393224, E-mail: gaoyang@caas.cn; Zhuanyun Si, E-mail: sizhuanyun@caas.cn
Supported by:
This work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2023YFD1900802), the China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA (CARS-03-19), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51879267), the Central Public-interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund, China (IFI2023-13), and the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program (ASTIP), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences.

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

高低畦是在生产实践中摸索出来具有提高土地利用率和产量的冬小麦种植模式。尽管已被山东省列为农业主推技术，但由于提出时间尚短，其产量形成、籽粒灌浆过程等对水氮供应的响应机制还不清楚，很大程度上制约了这一模式的完善与推广应用。为探索高低畦冬小麦最佳的水氮组合，于2020—2023年开展田间试验，设置4个施氮水平（N1：360 kg ha^-1、N2：300 kg ha^-1、N1：240 kg ha^-1、N1：180 kg ha^-1）和3个灌水定额（W1：120 mm、W2：90 mm、W3：60 mm），分析了冬小麦籽粒灌浆特征参数、穗重百分比（GPS，%）、穗相对含水量（SMC，%）和产量等指标。结果表明：（1）籽粒灌浆过程可以用确定性方程准确描述（0.989<R²<0.999）。随灌水水平或施氮水平的增加而增加，最大灌浆速率出现时间（T_max）和灌浆持续时间（AGP）呈现增加的趋势，而平均灌浆速率（G_mean）则呈现下降的趋势；千粒重（FTGW）随灌水水平或施氮水平的增加呈现先增加后减少的趋势。（2）GPS和SMC与粒重或开花后天数呈极显著的二次多项式关系。灌水水平、施氮水平和年型显著影响Tmax，AGP，G_mean和FTGW。在所有灌水和施氮处理中，高畦田和低畦田的AGP和FTGW没有明显差异。（3）W1N1与W1N2和W2N1的产量差异不显著（p>0.05），说明适量节水减氮并不会显著降低产量。主成分分析表明，当施氮水平为240~300 kg N ha^-1，灌水水平为90–120 mm时，能够有效提高冬小麦籽粒灌浆效率并提高籽粒产量。研究为冬小麦高低畦种植模式下水氮优化管理策略的构建提供理论依据和技术支撑。

Abstract:

A high-efficiency mode of high-low seedbed cultivation (HLSC) has been listed as the main agricultural technology to increase land utilization ratio and grain yield in Shandong Province, China. However, limited information is available on the optimized water and nitrogen management for yield formation, especially the grain-filling process, under HLSC mode. A three-year field experiment with four nitrogen rates and three irrigation rates of HLSC was conducted to reveal the response of grain-filling parameters, grain weight percentage of spike weight (GPS), spike moisture content (SMC), and winter wheat yield to water and nitrogen rates. The four nitrogen rates were N1 (360 kg ha^–1 pure N), N2 (300 kg ha^–1 pure N), N3 (240 kg ha^–1 pure N), and N4 (180 kg ha^–1 pure N), respectively, and the three irrigation quotas were W1 (120 mm), W2 (90 mm), and W3 (60 mm), respectively. Results showed that the determinate growth function generally performed well in simulating the temporal dynamics of grain weight (0.989<R²<0.999, where R²is the determination coefficient). The occurrence time of maximum filling rate (T_max) and active grain-filling period (AGP) increased with the increase in the water or nitrogen rate, whereas the average grain-filling rate (G_mean) had a decreasing trend. The final 1,000-grain weight (FTGW) increased and then decreased with the increase in the nitrogen rates and increased with the increase in the irrigation rates. The GPS and SMC had a highly significant quadratic polynomial relationship with grain weight and days after anthesis. Nitrogen, irrigation, and year significantly affected the T_max, AGP, G_mean, and FTGW. Particularly, the AGP and FTGW were insignificantly different between high seedbed (HLSC-H) and low seedbed (HLSC-L) across the water and nitrogen levels. Moreover, the moderate water and nitrogen supply was more beneficial for grain yield, as well as for spike number and grain number per hectare. The principal component analysis indicated that combining 240–300 kg N ha^–1 and 90–120 mm irrigation quota could improve grain-filling efficiency and yield for the HLSC-cultivated winter wheat.

Key words: high-low seedbed cultivation , water and nitrogen , grain filling , determinate growth equation , wheat yield

Junming Liu, Zhuanyun Si, Shuang Li, Lifeng Wu, Yingying Zhang, Xiaolei Wu, Hui Cao, Yang Gao, Aiwang Duan. 高低畦种植模式下水氮供应对冬小麦籽粒灌浆的影响[J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2024, 23(12): 4018-4031.

Junming Liu, Zhuanyun Si, Shuang Li, Lifeng Wu, Yingying Zhang, Xiaolei Wu, Hui Cao, Yang Gao, Aiwang Duan. Effects of water and nitrogen rate on grain-filling characteristics under high-low seedbed cultivation in winter wheat[J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2024, 23(12): 4018-4031.

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高低畦种植模式下水氮供应对冬小麦籽粒灌浆的影响

Effects of water and nitrogen rate on grain-filling characteristics under high-low seedbed cultivation in winter wheat

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