小麦条锈菌新菌系Yr5毒力小种比当前流行小种具有高寄生适合度和潜在流行风险

doi:10.1016/j.jia.2023.11.005

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

小麦条锈病是小麦最具破坏性的真菌病害之一，严重威胁着世界范围内小麦的安全生产。在中国，因新的生理小种的出现并迅速发展成为优势小种，导致小麦抗性品种丧失抗性，进而被迭代更替，造成小麦产量大幅下降。因此为了预测一个新小种能否成为流行优势小种具有重要意义。本研究中，在10个中国小麦品种上对两个新出现的Yr5毒力小种（TSA-6和TSA-9）与四个目前占优势的中国小种（CYR31、CYR32、CYR33和CYR34）的相对寄生适应性进行了评价。将 6 个测试条锈菌小种接种二叶期的小麦幼苗，接种后第 5 天，测量以下参数或指标对测试小种的寄生适合度进行评估，包括孢子萌发率（Urediospore germination rate）、孢子形成能力（Sporulation capacity）、潜育期（Latent period）、夏孢子堆长度（Length of the uredia）、夏孢子堆密度（Uredia density）、产孢期（Sporulation period）、病害严重度（Disease severity）和侵染表型（Infection type）。当小麦品种对测试条锈菌小种（即小种-品种亲和组合）感病时，测量寄生适合度参数。结果显示，基于多重比较（LSD）分析，总体测试小种之间的相对寄生适应度参数存在显著差异（P<0.05）。对寄生适应度参数进行主成分分析（PCA）分析，其中代表产孢能力的主成分贡献率是 53.78%，代表扩展能力和孢子活力的主成分贡献率是 21.89%，代表潜在侵染能力的主成分贡献率是 17.46%；累计贡献率超过90%，表明这三个主成分基本能够代表测试小种所有相对寄生适合度参数的绝大部信息。本研究还构建了三个主成分和综合因子得分数学模型，基于计算结果表明Yr5毒力小种TSA-9和TSA-6的相对寄生适应度均高于CYR34、CYR31和CYR33，但低于小种CYR32，具有发展成为优势小种的潜在风险。因此，需要对两个Yr5毒力小种及其变异菌系进行持续监测。在小麦育种中应避免单一使用具有Yr5抗性基因的小麦品种（系），并建议与其他有效的Yr抗性基因聚合使用。

Abstract:

Wheat stripe rust, caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst), is one of the most destructive fungal diseases of wheat, and seriously threatens safe production of the crop worldwide. In China, new races historically appeared and rapidly developed to be predominant races and have resulted in ineffectiveness and replacement of wheat resistance cultivars as well as massive reduction in yield. In the present study, the relative parasitic fitness of the two newly-emerged Yr5-virulent races (TSA-6 and TSA-9) were compared with those of four currently predominant Chinese races (CYR31, CYR32, CYR33, and CYR34) based on evaluation on 10 Chinese wheat cultivars. As a result, there were significant differences in the relative parasitic fitness parameters among overall tested races based on multiple comparison (LSD) analysis (P<0.05). The principal component analysis (PCA) of overall parasitic fitness parameters indicated that the sporulation ability, infection and spore survivability, expansion capacity, and potential pathogenicity were the most important parasitic fitness attributes of the tested races. Based on the establishment of extracted three principal components and a comprehensive factor score mathematical models, evaluations of the parasitic fitness attributes of tested races showed that the level of relative parasitic fitness of the tested six races was: CYR32 (1.15)>TSA-9 (0.95)>TSA-6 (0.92)>CYR34 (0.29)>CYR31 (–1.54)>CYR33 (–1.77). The results indicated that two Yr5-virulent races TSA-9 and TSA-6 possessed relative parasitic fitness higher than races CYR34, CYR31, and CYR33, but lower than race CYR32, and have potential risks in developing to be predominant races. Therefore, continual monitoring of both Yr5-virulent races, and their variants is needed. The use of wheat cultivars (lines) with Yr5 resistance gene singly in wheat breeding is essential for being avoided, and is suggested to combine with other effective stripe rust resistance genes.

Key words: wheat stripe rust , Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici , parasitic fitness , Yr5 , new race

Gensheng Zhang, Mudi Sun, Xinyao Ma, Wei Liu, Zhimin Du, Zhensheng Kang, Jie Zhao. 小麦条锈菌新菌系Yr5毒力小种比当前流行小种具有高寄生适合度和潜在流行风险[J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2024, 23(8): 2674-2685.

Gensheng Zhang, Mudi Sun, Xinyao Ma, Wei Liu, Zhimin Du, Zhensheng Kang, Jie Zhao. Yr5-virulent races of Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici possess relative parasitic fitness higher than current main predominant races and potential risk[J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2024, 23(8): 2674-2685.

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