有机与无机肥配施可通过提高花后氮素吸收和干物质积累量缓解夏玉米的粒位效应

doi:10.1016/j.jia.2023.05.003

Journal of Integrative Agriculture ›› 2024, Vol. 23 ›› Issue (4): 1179-1194.DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2023.05.003

有机与无机肥配施可通过提高花后氮素吸收和干物质积累量缓解夏玉米的粒位效应

收稿日期:2023-02-14 接受日期:2023-03-29 出版日期:2024-04-20 发布日期:2024-03-29

Combined application of organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer alleviates the kernel position effect in summer maize by promoting post-silking nitrogen uptake and dry matter accumulation

Lichao Zhai^1#, Lihua Zhang¹, Yongzeng Cui¹, Lifang Zhai², Mengjing Zheng¹, Yanrong Yao¹, Jingting Zhang¹, Wanbin Hou³, Liyong Wu⁴, Xiuling Jia^1#

¹Institute of Cereal and Oil Crops, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation Physiology and Green Production of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang 050035, China
²Hebei Science and Technology Innovation Service Center, Shijiazhuang 050051, China
³Yongnian Agricultural Technology Extension Center, Handan 057150, China
⁴Ningjin Agricultural Technology Extension Center, Xingtai 055550, China

Received:2023-02-14 Accepted:2023-03-29 Online:2024-04-20 Published:2024-03-29
About author:#Correspondence Lichao Zhai, Tel: +86-311-87670620, E-mail: zhailichao@163.com; Xiuling Jia, Tel: +86-311-87670620, E-mail: jiaxiuling2013@126.com
Supported by:
This study was financially supported by the HAAFS Science and Technology Innovation Special Project, China (2022KJCXZX-LYS-9), the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province, China (C2021301004), and the Key Research and Dvelopment Program of Hebei Province, China (20326401D).

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

通过调整农艺措施缓解玉米粒位效应是保证玉米高产稳产的重要举措。为了阐明有机与无机肥配施是否可缓解夏玉米的粒位效应，本研究于2019和2020年基于有机肥等氮替代部分化肥设置了五个不同的有机与无机肥配施处理，CF, 单独施用氮磷钾化肥；OFCF1，施用15%的有机肥+85%的化肥；OFCF2，施用30%的有机肥+70%的化肥; OFCF3，施用45%的有机肥+55%的化肥; OFCF4，施用60%的有机肥+40%的化肥。研究结果表明，与CF处理相比，OFCF1和OFCF2 处理通过明显增加弱势粒与强势粒粒重比和降低强势粒与弱势粒粒重差可缓解玉米的粒位效应，这主要归因于玉米弱势粒灌浆与淀粉积累的明显增加。但是，在CF、OFCF3和OFCF4处理之间多数情况下没有明显差异。OFCF1和OFCF2处理的叶面积指数、花后光合速率及净同化率均高于CF处理，反映了OFCF1和OFCF2处理的植株具有较高的花后光合同化与物质积累的能力。与CF处理相比，OFCF1和OFCF2分别增加花后氮素积累量66.3%和75.5%，花后氮素吸收的增强是驱动花后光合同化与物质积累的主要因素。此外，根系物质积累量与根系中玉米素核苷含量的增加反映了OFCF1和OFCF2缓解了玉米根系的衰老，这与植株较强的花后氮素吸收存在关系。相关分析显示，玉米花后氮素吸收量、干物质积累量、玉米产量与玉米粒位效应间均存在明显的负相关关系。因此，15-30%的有机肥与70-85%的化肥配施可通过提高玉米花后氮素吸收与干物质积累缓解粒位效应，这为有机与无机肥配施如何提高夏玉米产量提供了新的见解。

Abstract:

Adjusting agronomic measures to alleviate the kernel position effect in maize is important for ensuring high yields. In order to clarify whether the combined application of organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer (CAOFCF) can alleviate the kernel position effect of summer maize, field experiments were conducted during the 2019 and 2020 growing seasons, and five treatments were assessed: CF, 100% chemical fertilizer; OFCF1, 15% organic fertilizer+85% chemical fertilizer; OFCF2, 30% organic fertilizer+70% chemical fertilizer; OFCF3, 45% organic fertilizer+55% chemical fertilizer; and OFCF4, 60% organic fertilizer+40% chemical fertilizer. Compared with the CF treatment, the OFCF1 and OFCF2 treatments significantly alleviated the kernel position effect by increasing the weight ratio of inferior kernels to superior kernels and reducing the weight gap between the superior and inferior kernels. These effects were largely due to the improved filling and starch accumulation of inferior kernels. However, there were no obvious differences in the kernel position effect among plants treated with CF, OFCF3, or OFCF4 in most cases. Leaf area indexes, post-silking photosynthetic rates, and net assimilation rates were higher in plants treated with OFCF1 or OFCF2 than in those treated with CF, reflecting an enhanced photosynthetic capacity and improved post-silking dry matter accumulation (DMA) in the plants treated with OFCF1 or OFCF2. Compared with the CF treatment, the OFCF1 and OFCF2 treatments increased post-silking N uptake by 66.3 and 75.5%, respectively, which was the major factor driving post-silking photosynthetic capacity and DMA. Moreover, the increases in root DMA and zeatin riboside content observed following the OFCF1 and OFCF2 treatments resulted in reduced root senescence, which is associated with an increased post-silking N uptake. Analyses showed that post-silking N uptake, DMA, and grain yield in summer maize were negatively correlated with the kernel position effect. In conclusion, the combined application of 15–30% organic fertilizer and 70–85% chemical fertilizer alleviated the kernel position effect in summer maize by improving post-silking N uptake and DMA. These results provide new insights into how CAOFCF can be used to improve maize productivity.

Key words: chemical fertilizer , dry mater accumulation , kernel position effect , N uptake , organic fertilizer

. 有机与无机肥配施可通过提高花后氮素吸收和干物质积累量缓解夏玉米的粒位效应[J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2024, 23(4): 1179-1194.

Lichao Zhai, Lihua Zhang, Yongzeng Cui, Lifang Zhai, Mengjing Zheng, Yanrong Yao, Jingting Zhang, Wanbin Hou, Liyong Wu, Xiuling Jia.

Combined application of organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer alleviates the kernel position effect in summer maize by promoting post-silking nitrogen uptake and dry matter accumulation [J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2024, 23(4): 1179-1194.

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有机与无机肥配施可通过提高花后氮素吸收和干物质积累量缓解夏玉米的粒位效应

Combined application of organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer alleviates the kernel position effect in summer maize by promoting post-silking nitrogen uptake and dry matter accumulation

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