Journal of Integrative Agriculture ›› 2023, Vol. 22 ›› Issue (10): 3193-3208.DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2023.04.028

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  • 收稿日期:2022-12-14 接受日期:2023-03-13 出版日期:2023-10-20 发布日期:2023-10-07

Spatio-temporal variations in trends of vegetation and drought changes in relation to climate variability from 1982 to 2019 based on remote sensing data from East Asia

Shahzad ALI1, 2*#, Abdul BASIT3*, Muhammad UMAIR1, Tyan Alice MAKANDA1, Fahim Ullah KHAN2, Siqi SHI4, NI Jian1   

  1. 1 College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, P.R.China
    2 Department of Agriculture, Hazara University, Mansehra 21120, Pakistan 
    3 Department of Computer Science, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25000, Pakistan 
    4 Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation (ITC), University of Twente, Enschede 7500 AE, Netherlands
  • Received:2022-12-14 Accepted:2023-03-13 Online:2023-10-20 Published:2023-10-07
  • About author:#Correspondence Shahzad ALI, E-mail: shahzadali320@aup.edu.pk * These authors have contributed equally to this study.
  • Supported by:

    This work was supported by the Basic Research Project of Zhejiang Normal University, China (ZC304022952), the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation Funding (2018M642614), and the Natural Science Foundation Youth Project of Shandong Province, China (ZR2020QF281).  

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Abstract:

Studying the significant impacts on vegetation of drought due to global warming is crucial in order to understand its dynamics and interrelationships with temperature, rainfall, and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI).  These factors are linked to excesses drought frequency and severity on the regional scale, and their effect on vegetation remains an important topic for climate change study.  East Asia is very sensitive and susceptible to climate change.  In this study, we examined the effect of drought on the seasonal variations of vegetation in relation to climate variability and determined which growing seasons are most vulnerable to drought risk; and then explored the spatio-temporal evolution of the trend in drought changes in East Asia from 1982 to 2019.  The data were studied using a series of several drought indexes, and the data were then classified using a heat map, box and whisker plot analysis, and principal component analysis.  The various drought indexes from January to August improved rapidly, except for vegetation health index (VHI) and temperature condition index (TCI).  While these indices were constant in September, they increased again in October, but in December, they showed a descending trend.  The seasonal and monthly analysis of the drought indexes and the heat map confirmed that the East Asian region suffered from extreme droughts in 1984, 1993, 2007, and 2012 among the study years.  The distribution of the trend in drought changes indicated that more severe drought occurred in the northwestern region than in the southeastern area of East Asia.  The drought tendency slope was used to describe the changes in drought events during 1982–2019 in the study region.  The correlations among monthly precipitation anomaly percentage (NAP), NDVI, TCI, vegetation condition index (VCI), temperature vegetation drought index (TVDI), and VHI indicated considerably positive correlations, while considerably negative correlations were found among the three pairs of NDVI and VHI, TVDI and VHI, and NDVI and TCI.  This ecological and climatic mechanism provides a good basis for the assessment of vegetation and drought-change variations within the East Asian region.  This study is a step forward in monitoring the seasonal variation of vegetation and variations in drought dynamics within the East Asian region, which will serve and contribute to the better management of vegetation, disaster risk, and drought in the East Asian region.


Key words: climate change ,  drought severity ,  vegetation dynamics ,  heat mapping ,  TVDI ,  spatial correlation ,  East Asia