Journal of Integrative Agriculture ›› 2023, Vol. 22 ›› Issue (12): 3783-3791.DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2023.04.026

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旱地农田残留地膜对作物产量和土壤肥力的影响

  

  • 收稿日期:2022-10-22 接受日期:2023-02-14 出版日期:2023-12-20 发布日期:2023-12-09

Effects of residual plastic film on crop yield and soil fertility in a dryland farming system

WANG Dong1, 3, XI Yue3, SHI Xiao-yan3, GUO Chao-li3, ZHONG Yu-jie3, SONG Chao4, GUAN Yu5, HUANG Lu6, YANG Qi-feng7, LI Feng-min2, 3#   

  1. 1 College of Ecology, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, P.R.China
    2 College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P.R.China
    3 State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Institute of Arid Agroecology/College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P.R.China
    4 Teaching Affairs Office, Jilin Normal University, Siping 136099, P .R.China
    5 Department of Resources and Environmental Science, College of Agriculture/The Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-Agriculture of the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, P.R.China
    6 Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, P.R.China
    7 Gansu Provincial Department of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, La nzhou 730000, P.R.China
  • Received:2022-10-22 Accepted:2023-02-14 Online:2023-12-20 Published:2023-12-09
  • About author:WANG Dong, E-mail: wd2009062652@163.com; #Correspondence LI Feng-min, E-mail: fmli@njau.edu.cn
  • Supported by:

    This work was funded by the National Nature Science Foundation of China (31470496), the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, China (lzujbky-2021-sp42) and the ‘111’ Programme 2.0 (BP0719040).

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摘要：

地膜覆盖已成为干旱、半干旱地区农业生产中维持作物高产的重要手段。然而，农田土壤中残留地膜也引发了更多的关注。为研究残留地膜对土壤养分、土壤微生物、作物生长和产量的影响，共开展了以下三个试验，包括残膜量为0、450、1350和2700 kg ha-1的7年大田试验和4年盆栽试验，以及残膜量为1350 kg ha-1时，残膜碎片单边长分别是2–5、5–10、10–15和15–20 cm的6年田间试验。研究发现，残膜对0–2.0（或0–1.8）m的田间土壤水分几乎没有影响，对0-20 cm土壤的有机碳、全氮、无机氮、全磷和速效磷均无显著影响。相对于非膜际土壤，附着于残膜表面的土壤细菌群落的多样性和丰度有所降低，而对离开残膜表面的土壤微生物群落没有显著影响。不同大小的残膜碎片使小麦和小扁豆的田间出苗率偶有显著降低。含有450-2700 kg hm-1的残膜降低了玉米的株高和茎粗，收获期玉米的地上生物量显著降低11-19%。随着残膜量的增加，玉米和马铃薯的7年平均产量虽然呈下降趋势，但各处理间差异不显著。这些结果为全面科学地认识旱地农业系统中残留地膜对土壤和作物的影响提供了重要数据。

Abstract: Plastic film mulch in agricultural production becomes essential to maintaining crop yields in arid and semiarid areas. However, the presence of residual film in farmland soil has also drawn much attention. In this study, three experiments were conducted. The first two experimental designs included 0, 450, 1 350, and 2 700 kg ha–1 of residual film pieces of approximately 5 cm side length added to field soil (0–20 cm soil depth) for seven years and added to pots for four years. In the third experiment, 1 350 kg ha–1 of the residual film with different side lengths (2–5, 5–10, 10–15, and 15–20 cm) was added to field soil for six years to explore the effect of residual film fragment size on soil nutrients, soil microorganisms, crop growth and yields. The residual film had little effect on the soil moisture at a field depth of 0–2 (or 0–1.8) m. There were no significant effects on organic carbon, total nitrogen, inorganic nitrogen, total phosphorus or available phosphorus in the 0–20 cm soil layer. The presence of residual film decreased the richness and diversity of the bacterial community of the surface soil of the residual film, but it had no significant effect on the microbial community of the non-surface soil. The emergence rates of wheat and lentils occasionally decreased significantly with different amounts of residue fragments added to the field. At 450–2 700 kg ha–1, the residual film reduced the plant height and stem diameter of maize and significantly reduced the shoot biomass of harvested maize by 11–19%. The average yields of maize and potato over the seven years decreased, but there were almost no significant statistical differences among the treatments. These results provide important data for a comprehensive scientific understanding of the effects of residual film on soil and crops in dryland farming systems.

Key words: residual film , soil nutrients ,  microbial community ,  crop yield