Journal of Integrative Agriculture ›› 2023, Vol. 22 ›› Issue (12): 3792-3803.DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2023.05.008

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蔬菜安全生产的土壤全镉和可提取态镉的阈值推导及验证

  

  • 收稿日期:2022-12-12 接受日期:2023-02-21 出版日期:2023-12-20 发布日期:2023-12-09

Derivation and validation of soil total and extractable cadmium criteria for safe vegetable production

LI Li-jun1, LI Kun2, JIANG Bao3, LI Ju-mei1, MA Yi-bing4#   

  1. 1 Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, P.R.China
    2 Sichuan Academy of Forestry, Sichuan 610081, P.R.China
    3 National Urban Environmental Pollution Control Engineering Research Center, Beijing Municipal Research Institute of Environmental Protection, Beijing 100037, P.R.China
    4 National Observation and Research Station of Coastal Ecological Environments in Macao/Macao Environmental Research Institute, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao SAR 999078, P.R.China
  • Received:2022-12-12 Accepted:2023-02-21 Online:2023-12-20 Published:2023-12-09
  • About author:LI Li-jun, E-mail: lilijun@caas.cn; #Correspondence MA Yi-bing, Tel: +86-10-82108649, E-mail: ybma@must.edu.mo
  • Supported by:
    This study was funded by the Science and Technology Development Fund, Macau SAR, China (File 0159/2019/A3) and the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2016YFD0800406).

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摘要：

保障蔬菜安全生产中十分重要的是研究推导出适用于蔬菜安全生产的土壤镉阈值。在高自然背景地区，可提取态镉的土壤阈值对于食品安全和环境管理显得尤为重要。本研究采用物种敏感性分布法，耦合土壤老化、生物有效性、以及土壤性质影响，推导土壤全量镉和可提取态镉的阈值。在5个文献数据库中，利用指定的关键字对已发表论文中的数据进行筛选，共筛选出90种符合条件的蔬菜品种。利用土壤-植物系统中镉迁移转化模型对生物积累数据进行归一化处理后，种内变异性降低18.3 ~ 84.4%。利用物种敏感性分布曲线推导出保护95%的物种不超标的土壤镉浓度，即HC5值。进而提出了基于外源添加法推导的土壤镉阈值，该阈值可以用基于土壤有机质和pH的连续性方程表示。全量镉和EDTA可提取态镉的阈值分别为0.23 ~ 0.61 mg kg-1和0.09 ~ 0.25 mg kg-1。利用田间试验数据对推导的阈值模型进行验证。大部分的预测值都小于由田间试验计算出的HC5值，说明本阈值是保守可行的。综上所述，本研究为建立蔬菜种植土壤镉阈值提供了以保障蔬菜产品质量安全的科学依据。

Abstract: Determining the appropriate soil cadmium (Cd) criteria for vegetable production is important for ensuring that the Cd concentrations of the vegetables meet food safety standards. The soil extractable Cd criteria for vegetable production are also essential for both food safety and environmental management, especially in areas with a high natural background level. In the present study, soil total and extractable Cd criteria were derived using the approach of species sensitivity distribution integrated with soil aging and bioavailability as affected by soil properties. A dataset of 90 vegetable species planted in different soils was compiled by screening the published in literature in five bibliographic databases using designated search strings. The empirical soil–plant transfer model was applied to normalize the bioaccumulation data. After normalization, the intra-species variability was reduced by 18.3 to 84.4%. The soil Cd concentration that would protect 95% (HC5) of the species was estimated by species sensitivity distribution curves that were fitted by the Burr III function. The soil Cd criteria derived from the added approach for risk assessment were proposed as continuous criteria based on a combination of organic carbon and pH in the soil. Criteria for total Cd and EDTA-extractable Cd in the soil ranged from 0.23 to 0.61 mg kg–1 and from 0.09 to 0.25 mg kg–1, respectively. Field experimental data were used to validate the applicability and validity of these criteria. Most of the predicted HC5 values in the field experimental sites were below the 1:1 line. These results provide a scientific basis for soil Cd criteria for vegetable production that will ensure food safety.

Key words: Cd ,  vegetables ,  soil criteria ,  species sensitivity distribution ,  soil extractable Cd criteria