Journal of Integrative Agriculture ›› 2024, Vol. 23 ›› Issue (1): 108-121.DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2023.04.019

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化学制剂对干热风胁迫下冬小麦叶片生理、干物质贮运和产量形成的影响

  

  • 收稿日期:2022-12-18 接受日期:2023-03-16 出版日期:2024-01-20 发布日期:2024-01-06

Effect of chemical regulators on the recovery of leaf physiology, dry matter accumulation and translocation, and yield-related characteristics in winter wheat following dry-hot wind

Yanan Xu1, Yue Wu1, Yan Han1, Jiqing Song1, Wenying Zhang2, Wei Han3, Binhui Liu2#, Wenbo Bai1#   

  1. 1 Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China

    2 Institute of Dryland Farming Research, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Hengshui 053000, China

    3 Shandong General Station of Agricultural Technology Extension, Jinan 250100, China

  • Received:2022-12-18 Accepted:2023-03-16 Online:2024-01-20 Published:2024-01-06
  • About author:Yanan Xu, E-mail: xuyanan@caas.cn; #Correspondence Wenbo Bai, Tel: +86-10-82106005, Fax: +86-10-82109764, E-mail: baiwenbo@caas.cn; Binhui Liu, E-mail: hzslbh@163.com
  • Supported by:

    This study was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2019YFE0197100), the earmarked fund for China Agriculture Research System (CARS-03-01A), and the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Project of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences.

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摘要：

干热风是影响全球小麦主产区产量形成的主要气象灾害之一，在全球气候变暖背景下，中国黄淮海平原的冬小麦干热风灾害区域性频发重发，对小麦生产造成严重威胁。为了探明自主研发的新型化学制剂（NCR）对干热风胁迫下冬小麦生理特性和产量形成的影响，在黄淮海典型麦区开展了连续三年的大田试验（2018–2021），比较研究了不同制剂处理对干热风条件下冬小麦叶片生理、干物质积累与转运、籽粒灌浆和产量构成的影响。试验以自来水为空白对照，磷酸二氢钾为制剂对照，设置三个NCR叶面喷施处理，即单独拔节期喷施（FSJ）和开花期喷施（FSF），以及拔节期和开花期连续喷施NCR（CFS）。结果表明，单独喷施处理中，FSJ处理能促使花前干物质积累，显著提升最大灌浆速率和平均灌浆速率；FSF处理有助于小麦功能叶维持较高的叶绿素相对含量和较低的离体叶片失水速率，增加花后干物质积累及其对籽粒的贡献，延长灌浆持续期，使最大灌浆速率提前；CFS处理下的冬小麦抗干热风效果明显优于FSJ和FSF处理。与CK相比，外源NCR促使冬小麦产量显著提高12.45–18.20%（2020–2021）、8.89–13.82%（2019–2020）和8.10–9.00%（2020–2021）；但常规干热风防控处理CKP仅在2020–2021年的小麦生长季促使产量提升6.69%。综上，不同干热风胁迫下，CFS处理可以有效调节小麦功能叶的持绿特性和水分状态，促进干物质积累和高效转运，改善籽粒灌浆过程，实现最优的抗干热风调控效果；FSF和FSJ处理的抗逆稳产作用次之，CKP处理的调节作用最小。因此，CFS处理可以作为干热风高发区小麦抗逆稳产的一种潜在化学防控措施。

Abstract:

Dry-hot wind stress causes losses in wheat productivity in major growing regions worldwide, especially winter wheat in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain of China, and both the occurrence and severity of such events are likely to increase with global climate change.  To investigate the recovery of physiological functions and yield formation using a new non-commercial chemical regulator (NCR) following dry-hot wind stress, we conducted a three-year field experiment (2018–2021) with sprayed treatments of tap water (control), monopotassium phosphate (CKP), NCR at both the jointing and flowering stages (CFS), and NCR only at the jointing stage (FSJ) or flowering stage (FSF).  The leaf physiology, biomass accumulation and translocation, grain-filling process, and yield components in winter wheat were assessed.  Among the single spraying treatments, the FSJ treatment was beneficial for the accumulation of dry matter before anthesis, as well as larger increases in the maximum grain-filling rate and mean grain-filling rate.  The FSF treatment performed better in maintaining a high relative chlorophyll content as indicated by the SPAD value, and a low rate of excised leaf water loss in flag leaves, promoting dry matter accumulation and the contribution to grain after anthesis, prolonging the duration of grain filling, and causing the period until the maximum grain-filling rate reached earlier.  The CFS treatment was better than any other treatments in relieving the effects of dry-hot wind.  The exogenous NCR treatments significantly increased grain yields by 12.45–18.20% in 2018–2019, 8.89–13.82% in 2019–2020, and 8.10–9.00% in 2020–2021.  The conventional measure of the CKP treatment only increased grain yield by 6.69% in 2020–2021.  The CFS treatment had the greatest mitigating effect on yield loss under dry-hot wind stress, followed by the FSF and FSJ treatments, and the CKP treatment only had a minimal effect.  In summary, the CFS treatment could be used as the main chemical control measure for wheat stress resistance and yield stability in areas with a high incidence of dry-hot wind.  This treatment can effectively regulate green retention and the water status of leaves, promote dry matter accumulation and efficient translocation, improve the grain-filling process, and ultimately reduce yield losses.

Key words: preparation ,  stress ,  foliar spraying ,  grain-filling ,  remobilization