Journal of Integrative Agriculture ›› 2023, Vol. 22 ›› Issue (9): 2660-2672.DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2023.03.002

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氮效应和代谢组学联合揭示玉米对氮胁迫的响应机制和氮肥减施的潜力

  

  • 收稿日期:2022-09-26 接受日期:2023-02-07 出版日期:2023-09-20 发布日期:2023-09-14

Combining nitrogen effects and metabolomics to reveal the response mechanisms to nitrogen stress and the potential for nitrogen reduction in maize

LU Yan-li1, SONG Gui-pei1, WANG Yu-hong1, WANG Luo-bin1, XU Meng-ze1, ZHOU Li-ping2, WANG Lei1#   

  1. 1 State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China/Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, P.R.China
    2 Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tianjin 300384, P.R.China
  • Received:2022-09-26 Accepted:2023-02-07 Online:2023-09-20 Published:2023-09-14
  • About author:#Correspondence WANG Lei, Tel: +86-10-82105030, Fax: +86-10-82109093, E-mail: wanglei02@caas.cn
  • Supported by:
    The authors are grateful for the useful comments from the anonymous reviewers and for the support of the National Key R&D Program of China (2021YFD1700900).

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摘要：

不同氮（N）水平下玉米的生理和代谢差异是田间合理氮素营养管理的基础，对提高氮肥利用率和减少环境污染具有重要作用。本文在明确长期不同氮肥处理下玉米氮效率和产量响应的前提下，利用非靶代谢组学方法分析了相应的差异代谢物及其代谢途径的差异。结果表明，氮胁迫（包括缺乏和过量），通过调节碳代谢产物（包括糖醇和TCA循环中间体）和氮代谢产物（包含各种氨基酸及其衍生物）影响碳氮代谢的平衡。缺氮胁迫时，L-丙氨酸、L-苯丙氨酸、L-组氨酸和L-谷氨酰胺显著下调，而过量氮时，L-缬氨酸、脯氨酸和L-组氨酸显著上调。除了上述碳氮代谢中的糖醇和氨基酸外，在该实验条件下，一些次生代谢物如黄酮类化合物（包括山奈酚、木犀草素、芸香素和香叶木素）和激素类（包括吲哚乙酸、反式玉米素和茉莉酸）可以初步被筛选作为氮胁迫诊断的指标。本研究还表明，N2处理（120 kg·ha-1 N）和N3处理（180 kg·ha-1 N）的叶片代谢水平相似，这与12年试验中两处理之间生理指标和产量的变化趋势一致。本研究在代谢水平上验证了氮肥减施即施用量从180 kg·ha-1（当地推荐）减少到120 kg·ha-1的可行性，为不降低产量条件下减少氮肥施用，进而提高氮肥利用率和保护生态环境提供了理论基础。

Abstract:

The physiological and metabolic differences in maize under different nitrogen (N) levels are the basis of reasonable N management, which is vital in improving fertilizer utilization and reducing environmental pollution.  In this paper, on the premise of defining the N fertilizer efficiency and yield under different long-term N fertilization treatments, the corresponding differential metabolites and their metabolic pathways were analyzed by untargeted metabolomics in maize.  N stress, including deficiency and excess, affects the balance of carbon (C) metabolism and N metabolism by regulating C metabolites (sugar alcohols and tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle intermediates) and N metabolites (various amino acids and their derivatives).  L-alanine, L-phenylalanine, L-histidine, and L-glutamine decreased under N deficiency, and L-valine, proline, and L-histidine increased under N excess.  In addition to sugar alcohols and the above amino acids in C and N metabolism, differential secondary metabolites, flavonoids (e.g., kaempferol, luteolin, rutin, and diosmetin), and hormones (e.g., indoleacetic acid, trans-zeatin, and jasmonic acid) were initially considered as indicators for N stress diagnosis under this experimental conditions.  This study also indicated that the leaf metabolic levels of N2 (120 kg ha–1 N) and N3 (180 kg ha–1 N) were similar, consistent with the differences in their physiological indexes and yields over 12 years.  This study verified the feasibility of reducing N fertilization from 180 kg ha–1 (locally recommended) to 120 kg ha–1 at the metabolic level, which provided a mechanistic basis for reducing N fertilization without reducing yield, further improving the N utilization rate and protecting the ecological environment.

Key words: long-term experiment ,  nitrogen deficiency ,  nitrogen excess ,  metabolites ,  UPLC-QTOF