JIA-2022-1279 楔形镰孢—— 一种在中国引起普通菜豆根腐病的新病原菌

doi:10.1016/j.jia.2023.01.010

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】多种真菌病原菌能够引起普通菜豆根腐病，而由镰孢菌属（Fusarium spp.）引起的普通菜豆根腐病根腐病是最常见。在中国，普通菜豆镰孢菌根腐病的危害日益严重，但是目前尚未明确是由哪些镰孢菌种引起，抗病品种筛选也尚未开展。为此，我们对在内蒙古发生普通菜豆镰孢菌根腐病的病原菌种进行鉴定和开展抗病品种筛选，以期为病害防控及抗病育种奠定基础。【方法】利用常规组织分离法对采自内蒙古凉城县的病株根部进行病原菌分离，对获得的类似镰孢菌的真菌分离物用孢子悬浮液剪根法进行致病性测定，观察并测量具有致病性分离物的菌落形态特征、生长速率、分生孢子及其大小。利用翻译延长因子1-α（EF-1α）、核糖体内转录间隔区（rDNA-ITS）、核糖体大亚基D1与D2间区域（28S）和核糖体基因内间隔区（IGS）对致病性分离物进行分子鉴定和系统发育分析，并采用最大简约法（MP）构建系统发育树。最后，选取1个代表性分离物进行寄主范围鉴定和抗病品种筛选。【结果】致病性测定表明，19个分离物中，有8分离物对普通菜豆具有致病性，命名为FCL1-FCL8，其引起的病害症状与田间自然发病症状相似，且从感病植物中分离的病原菌分离物与接种分离物相同。形态学鉴定发现FCL1-FCL8的菌落形态、生长速率、孢子大小等形态特征与已报到的楔形镰孢（Fusarium cuneirostrum）一致。分子鉴定和系统发育分析结果表明，FCL1-FCL8与楔形镰孢均聚在同一个系统发育分支。综合形态与分子特征鉴定结果，将8个致病性分离物FCL1-FCL8鉴定为楔形镰孢。寄主范围鉴定结果表明，楔形镰孢分离物FCL3对小豆、鹰嘴豆、豇豆、蚕豆、豌豆和大豆没有致病性，但对绿豆具有致病性。抗病品种筛选结果表明，从50个普通菜豆品种中鉴定到7个高抗或抗病品种，但没有从50个绿豆品种中鉴定到抗病品种。【结论】本研究证明了楔形镰孢是内蒙古普通菜豆根腐病的病原菌，其在我国为首次报道。

Abstract:

Several fungal pathogens cause root rot of common bean, among which Fusarium spp. are the most common pathogens causing Fusarium root rot (FRR) worldwide. FRR has been becoming an increasingly severe disease of common bean in China, but the species of Fusarium spp. have remained unclear. Thus, this study was performed to identify the pathogen causing common bean root rot in Liangcheng County, Inner Mongolia, China. Nineteen Fusarium-like isolates were obtained after pathogen isolation and purification. The pathogenicity test indicated that eight isolates caused severe disease symptoms on common bean, while 11 other isolates were not pathogenic. The eight pathogenic isolates, FCL1–FCL8, were identified as Fusarium cuneirostrum by morphological characterization and phylogenetic analysis using partial sequences of EF-1α, ITS, 28S, and IGS regions. Host range test showed that the representative F. cuneirostrum isolate FCL3 was also pathogenic to mung bean, while not pathogenic to adzuki bean, chickpea, cowpea, faba bean, pea, and soybean. Moreover, 50 common bean and 50 mung bean cultivars were screened for resistance to FRR, and seven highly resistant or resistant cultivars of common bean were identified, while no resistant cultivars of mung bean were screened. This study revealed that F. cuneirostrum was one of common bean FRR pathogens in Inner Mongolia and it could induce mung bean root rot as well. To our knowledge, this is the first report of F. cuneirostrum causing FRR of common bean in China.

Key words: Fusarium cuneirostrum , fusarium root rot , pathogenicity , molecular phylogenetic analysis , Phaseolus vulgaris

. JIA-2022-1279 楔形镰孢—— 一种在中国引起普通菜豆根腐病的新病原菌[J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2024, 23(1): 166-176.

Dong Deng, Wenqi Wu, Canxing Duan, Suli Sun, Zhendong Zhu.

A novel pathogen Fusarium cuneirostrum causing common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) root rot in China [J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2024, 23(1): 166-176.

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