JIA-2021-1504 赤霉病的综合防治对策探讨

doi:10.1016/j.jia.2022.08.053

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

近年来，由于气候变化和粗放秸秆还田等因素的影响，由禾谷镰孢菌复合种(Fusarium graminearum species complex, FGSC)引起的小麦赤霉病(Fusarium head blight, FHB)在我国呈加重发生趋势，流行频率明显增加，造成严重经济损失。此外，FGSC在侵染小麦等谷物类作物过程中会产生脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇（Deoxynivalenol，DON）和玉米赤霉烯（Zearalenone，ZEA）等多种真菌毒素，人畜误食这些真菌毒素污染的农产品及其产品，会引起呕吐、流产、免疫力下降甚至死亡等问题。因此，加强赤霉病防控对保障我国小麦丰收和农产品质量安全有重要意义。本文综述了赤霉病在全世界的分布、病原菌种类、寄主范围、病害循环、病害流行因素；阐述病害对经济、环境和食品安全的影响。在此基础上，重点梳理和探讨小麦赤霉病持续防控策略。由于高抗赤霉病的小麦种质资源的缺乏，加强抗病基因筛选鉴定、精细定位及实际效应评价，将成为抗赤霉病小麦品种培育的重要工作。当前，科学使用化学药剂仍然是赤霉病防控的重要措施，氰烯菌酯•戊唑醇、戊唑醇•丙硫菌唑、氟唑菌酰羟胺•丙环唑等药剂对赤霉病及其毒素有优良的防治效果；然而，药剂长期使用，导致病菌产生抗药性问题。因此，加强病菌抗药性监测以及治理是病害化学防治的重要内容。由于我国普遍推广秸秆还田，但很多地区秸秆粗放还田导致许多作物秸秆残留在土壤表面，非常有利于FGSC在秸秆上大量生长繁殖；利用生物防治抑制作物秸秆上病菌生长繁殖，能显著降低病菌初侵染源。因此，今后一段时间，生物防治有望成为抑制病菌初侵染源的重要措施。此外，合理的作物轮作、科学肥水管理等农艺措施，能提高作物的抗病性，在一定程度上降低病害流行风险。总体来说，今后较长的一段时间，小麦赤霉病在我国仍将维持高频率流行态势。因此，需要通过抗病品种、药剂高效防控和生物防治等技术集成创新，构建小麦赤霉病持续绿色防控技术体系，保障小麦丰收和农产品质量安全。

Abstract:

Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a worldwide devastating disease of small grain cereals and Fusarium graminearum species complex (FGSC) is the major pathogen causing the disease. The epidemics of FHB lead to the reduction of grain yield and economic losses. Additionally, mycotoxins produced by the FHB pathogens are hazardous to the health of human and livestock. In this review, we summarize the epidemiology of FHB, and introduce effects of this disease on economy, environment and food safety. We focus on the integrated management approaches for controlling FHB including agronomic practices, resistant cultivars, chemical control, and biocontrol. In addition, we also discuss the potential novel management strategies against FHB and mycotoxin.

Key words: fusarium head blight , Fusarium graminearum , integrated pest management program , mycotoxins

. JIA-2021-1504 赤霉病的综合防治对策探讨[J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2022, 21(12): 3434-3444.

CHEN A-hai, Tofazzal ISLAM, MA Zhong-hua. An integrated pest management program for managing fusarium head blight disease in cereals[J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2022, 21(12): 3434-3444.

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