JIA-2021-1961 中国杂草稻的发生模式及形态多态性

doi:10.1016/j.jia.2022.08.001

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

水稻是中国主要粮食作物之一，世界性三大稻田恶性杂草之一的杂草稻对中国水稻生产的危害时有报道。然而，由于缺乏系统的调查研究，中国杂草稻的总体发生情况和形态类型的分布模式仍不清晰。为了揭示中国杂草稻的发生与危害情况，自2009年至2016年采用七级目测法对中国六个稻作区的999个稻田样点进行了田间调查。结果表明在387个样点中有杂草稻发生，杂草稻整体发生率约为39%。杂草稻综合草害指数在50%以上的样点主要从江苏、黑龙江、宁夏和广东辐射到华东、东北、西北和华南稻作区。通过2017年和2019年的同质园试验对调查过程中采集的287个杂草稻种群的45个形态特征进行了多元分析。结果表明，中国杂草稻存在丰富的形态学变异度和多样性，其形态学特征与原生境的经度、纬度、海拔、气温日较差、气温年较差、生育期的最低温、最高温、降雨量等地理气候因子具有显著的相关性。基于45个形态学性状的聚类分析将287个中国杂草稻种群分为三组：第一组为多分蘖强生长势型杂草稻，籼型，主要分布于江苏；第二组为大叶片型杂草稻，以籼型为主，生长势强，粒型优势弱于第三类杂草稻但强于第一组杂草稻，主要分布在我国的华东、华南、西南地区以及华中南部地区；第三组为大籽粒弱生长势型杂草稻，以粳型为主，主要分布在我国东北、华北、西北等北方地区。三组杂草稻多数无芒且具有黄色颖壳和红色果皮，多个叶型、株型等相关的营养性状以及产量、籽粒形态、穗型相关的生殖性状均存在着显著差异。综上，部分中国稻田已被杂草稻严重侵染，中国杂草稻具有地理、气候和栽培稻类型依赖的形态生物型分化。这暗示了我们需要重视杂草稻对水稻生产的危害，需采取综合防治策略来防控杂草稻。

Abstract: Rice, the main food crop in China, has been sporadically reported to suffer from weedy rice infestation. However, the overall occurrence and distribution pattern of Chinese weedy rice remains unclear because a systematic survey has not been conducted. In order to reveal the infestation of Chinese weedy rice, a field survey was conducted in 999 sampling sites all over the rice-growing regions in China from 2009 to 2016 using seven-scale visual scoring of the level of weed infestation. Weedy rice was found 39% occurrence incidence in a total of 387 sites. The sampling sites with 50% or higher overall weedy rice infestation index mainly radiated from Jiangsu, Heilongjiang, Ningxia and Guangdong to the whole East China, Northeast China, Northwest China and South China. A total of 45 morphological characters from 287 populations (collected simultaneously with the field survey) out of those occurred sites were observed and analyzed using multivariate analysis in common gardens with the same cultivation conditions in 2017 and 2019. Canonical correlation analysis showed that 45 morphological characters were significantly related to the latitude, mean temperature, minimum temperature, precipitation and mean diurnal range factors. The 287 weedy rice populations were divided into three morphological groups with climate-dependent geographical differentiation: strong tiller type only in Jiangsu, large leaf type in South China and Central China and large grain type mainly in North China. Weedy rice seriously infested rice fields and had a geography, climate and cultivated rice type-dependent morphological and biotype differentiation in China. It is suggested to pay attention to the harmfulness of weedy rice and adopt comprehensive control strategies.

Key words: weedy rice , infestation , morphological characters , diversity

. JIA-2021-1961 中国杂草稻的发生模式及形态多态性[J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2023, 22(1): 149-169.

WANG Hao-quan, DAI Wei-min, ZHANG Zi-xu, LI Meng-shuo, MENG Ling-chao, ZHANG Zheng, LU Huan, SONG Xiao-ling, QIANG Sheng. Occurrence pattern and morphological polymorphism of weedy rice in China[J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2023, 22(1): 149-169.

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